Plasma Scattering of Electromagnetic Radiation (eBook)
318 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-2022-2 (ISBN)
John Sheffield PhD is known worldwide because of his involvement in numerous multi-national fusion energy projects for the U.S. and Europe. In the 1970s, he was on the design team for the 16-nation, Joint European Torus project at Culham in England; in the 1990s, he served as a U.S. representative on committees that defined and then gave technical advice to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)-China, Europe, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, and the United States.He served on the US-DOE's Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee for over a decade, chairing it from 1996 to 2000. From 1988 to 1994, he was director of Fusion Energy at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. From 1995 to 2003, he was director for Energy Technology Programs at ORNL, and from 1997 also director of the Joint Institute for Energy and Environment at the University of Tennessee. There he remains as a Senior Fellow in what is now called the Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment.
Plasma Scattering of Electromagnetic Radiation covers the theory and experimental application of plasma scattering. The book discusses the basic properties of a plasma and of the interaction of radiation with a plasma; the relationship between the scattered power spectrum and the fluctuations in plasma density; and the incoherent scattering of low-temperature plasma. The text also describes the constraints and problems that arise in the application of scattering as a diagnostic technique; the characteristic performance of various dispersion elements, image dissectors, and detectors; and the general scattered spectrum for an unmagnetized, low-temperature, quasi-equilibrium plasma. The application of the general scattered spectrum for a magnetized plasma; the scattering from a high-temperature plasma; and the scattering from unstable plasmas are also encompassed. Plasma physicists and people involved in the study of electromagnetic radiation will find the book invaluable.
Front Cover
1
Plasma Scattering of Electromagnetic Radiation
4
Copyright Page
5
Table of Contents
8
Preface 12
Acknowledgments 13
Chapter 1. Introduction
14
1.1 INTRODUCTION
14
1.2 PLASMAS
17
1.3 SYSTEMS OF UNITS
20
1.4 CHARACTERISTIC LENGTHS AND TIMES IN A PLASMA
22
1.5 SCATTERING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION BY A PLASMA
23
1.6 RADIATION BY A MOVING CHARGE
24
1.7 ACCELERATION OF ACHARGE BY AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE
26
1.8 GENERAL RESTRICTIONS APPLIED TO CALCULATIONS IN THIS BOOK
31
Chapter 2. Scattered Power Spectrum
36
2.1 SPECTRAL DENSITY FUNCTION S(k,w> )
36
2.2 KINETIC EQUATIONS FOR A PLASMA
38
2.3 S(k,w) FOR A LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA
42
2.4 S{k,w) FOR A HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMA
46
2.5 S(k,w) FOURIER-LAPLACE TRANSFORMS AND COLLISIONS
48
Chapter 3. Incoherent Scattering—Low-Temperatnre Plasma
50
3.1 INTRODUCTION 50
3.2 SCATTERING FROM A SINGLE ELECTRON 51
3.3 INCOHERENT SCATTERING FROM A PLASMA (NO MAGNETIC FIELD)
54
3.4 INCOHERENT SCATTERING FROM A PLASMA IN THERMO
57
3.5 INCOHERENT SCATTERING FROM A MAGNETIZED PLASMA 61
3.6 COMMENTS ON THE SCATTERED SPECTRUM 64
3.7 MEASUREMENT OF THE DIRECTION O
67
Chapter 4. Constraints on Scattering Experiments
73
4.1 INTRODUCTION 73
4.2 CHOICE OF A SOURCE (Di,DYi)
74
4.3 CHOICE OF A SCATTERING ANGLE (0,D0)
75
4.4 SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (S/)N
80
4.5 RATIO OF SCATTERED POWER TO BREMSSTRAHLUNG RADIATION POWER
83
4.6 EFFECT OF THE INCIDENT BEAM ON THE PLASMA
89
Chapter 5. Optical Systems
96
5.1 INTRODUCTION
96
5.2 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF SPECTROMETERS: INSTRUMENT FUNCTION
97
5.3 DIFFRACTION GRATING SPECTROMETER: THEORY
99
5.4 REFLECTION GRATING SPECTROMETER:
103
5.5 FABRY-PEROT ETALON: THEORY 106
5.6 FABRY-PEROT ETALON SPECTROMETER: IMAGE DISSECTORS, APPLICATION 109
5.7 MISCELLANEOUS
114
5.8 DETECTORS 117
5.9 EXAMPLES
122
Chapter 6.
126
6.1 INTRODUCTION 126
6.2 DERIVATION OF ne(k,w) FOR B = 0, v = 0
128
6.3 THE SPECTRAL DENSITY FUNCTION S(k,w) FOR A COLLISIONLESS PLASMA
132
6.4 COMMENTS ON THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS INITIAL CONDITIONS 135
6.5 S(k,w) FOR A COLLISIONAL PLASMA, B = 0
137
6.6 S(k,w) FROM THE FLUCTUATION-DISSIPATION THEOREM
141
Chapter 7. Scattering from a Low-Temperature Stable Plasma, B = 0: Experiment
143
7.1 INTRODUCTION 143
7.2 S(k,w
145
7.3 S(k,w), Te/ti = 1, THE SALPETER APPROXIMATION
147
7.4 ELECTRON PLASMA FREQUENCY RESONANCES 150
7.5 ION ACOUSTIC RESONANCE 156
7.6 RELATIVE DRIFT OF ELECTRONS AND IONS 160
7.7 INCOHERENT SPECTRUM FOR COLLISIONAL PLASMA 167
7.8 TOTAL CROSS SECTION ST(k) 169
Chapter 8. Scattering from a Magnetized Plasma
175
8.1 INTRODUCTION 175
8.2 CALCULATION OF THE SPECTRAL DENSITY FUNCTION S(k,w
179
8.3 S(k,w), MAXWELLIAN DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
182
8.4 COLLISIONAL MAGNETIZED PLASMA 185
8.5 TRANSVERSE MODES 187
8.6 GENERAL FEATURES OF THE MAGNETIZED SPECTRUM 189
8.7 TOTAL CROSS SECTION, ST(k)
191
8.8 HIGH-FREQUENCY SPECTRUM 195
8.9 LOW-FREQUENCY SPECTRUM 201
Chapter 9. Scattering from a High-Temperature Plasma
204
9.1 . INTRODUCTION 204
9.2 THE FINITE TRANSIT TIME EFFECT 207
9.3 S(k,w) FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMA, B = 0
209
9.4 INCOHERENT SPECTRUM B = 0 212
9.5 SCATTERING GEOMETRY AND FINITE TRANSIT TIME EFFECT FOR A MAGNETIZED PLASMA 217
9.6 S(k,w) HIGH-TEMPERATURE MAGNETIZED PLASMA
220
Chapter 10. Scattering from Unstable Plasmas
224
10.1 INTRODUCTION 224
10.2 MICROSCOPIC INSTABILITY THEORY 227
10.3 SCATTERING FROM A MARGINALLY STABLE PLASMA 232
10.4 SCATTERING FROM A WEAKLY UNSTABLE PLASMA 237
10.5 SCATTERING FROM MICROTURBULENCE IN SHOCK FRONTS 238
Appendix 1. Mathematical Methods
247
A1.1 COMPLEX VARIABLES AND INTEGRALS IN THE COMPLEX PLANE
247
A1.2 FOURIER TRANSFORMS 254
A1.3 LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 257
A1.4 STABILITY OF LONGITUDINAL PLASMA OSCILLATIONS 259
A1.5 TOTAL CROSS SECTION FOR A STABLE PLASMA 262
Appendix 2. Kinetic Theory of a Plasma
264
A
264
A2.2 CHARACTERISTIC LENGTHS AND TIMES IN A PLASMA 265
A2.3 THE BOLTZMANN EQUATION 268
A2.4 COMMENTS ON THE COLLISION TERM 270
A2.5 KINETIC DESCRIPTION OF SCATTERING FROM A PLASMA 272
A2.6 THE BBGKY HIERARCHY 277
A2.7 THE KLIMONTOVICH HIERARCHY 279
A2.8 STABLE, HOMOGENEOUS, QUASI-STATIONARY PLASMAS 283
Appendix 3. Review of Work on the Scattering of Radiation from Plasmas
290
A3.1 INTRODUCTION 290
A3.2 SCATTERING FROM THE IONOSPHERE 291
A3.3 SCATTERING FROM LABORATORY PLASMASWITH X{ = L AND co{ = cope 292
A3.4 SCATTERING FROM A PLASMA CLOSE TOEQUILIBRIUM, B = 0, v = 0, kK < L, co{ >
A3.5 SCATTERING FROM A MAGNETIZED PLASMA CLOSE TO EQUILIBRIUM
296
A3.6 COLLISIONAL EFFECTS 296
A3.7 HIGH-TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS 297
A3.8 TOTAL SCATTERING CROSS SECTION 298
A3.9 UNSTABLE AND TURBULENT PLASMA 298
A3.10 ABSORPTION OF THE INCIDENT BEAM AND TWO-BEAM SCATTERING
300
Appendix 4. Physical Constants and Formulas
302
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS 302
CONVERSION FACTORS 302
FORMULAS 303
SYMBOLS 304
SCATTERING FORMULAS 305
UNITS 305
References 306
Index 314
Erscheint lt. Verlag | 22.10.2013 |
---|---|
Sprache | englisch |
Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Quantenphysik |
Technik | |
ISBN-10 | 1-4832-2022-2 / 1483220222 |
ISBN-13 | 978-1-4832-2022-2 / 9781483220222 |
Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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