Advances in Liquid Crystals (eBook)

Volume 1

Glenn H. Brown (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
332 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-9133-1 (ISBN)

Infos

Advances in Liquid Crystals, Volume I is a collection of papers dealing with lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystals. One paper discusses lyotropic liquid crystalline phases in systems of amphiphilic compounds, including the liquid crystalline phases, lyotropic liquid crystalline phase, the ''gel'' phases, and the transition between normal and reversed mesophases. Another paper describes the ordering and structure of liquid crystals by reviewing research work on X-ray analysis of thermotropic liquid crystals. One paper explains the studies made on the mesomorphic behavior of block copolymers, including the incompatibility, segregation, and organization of polymers. The paper notes that plastic crystals and liquid crystals are different manifestations of the duality of the melting process in molecular crystals, resulting in the loss of positional and orientation order. One paper describes the essential linear defects found in solid crystals, which have been researched in terms of the major role they play in macroscopic properties, particularly plasticity, as the defects or dislocations of translation. G. Friedel's work classifies liquid crystals into an intermediary symmetry composed of the nematic, the cholesteric, and the smectic phases. This intermediary symmetry occurs between the liquid type symmetry and the solid type symmetry. This collection can prove useful for researchers in liquid crystals and industrial scientists in the field of chemistry and polymer composites.

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Advances in Liquid Crystals, Volume I is a collection of papers dealing with lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystals. One paper discusses lyotropic liquid crystalline phases in systems of amphiphilic compounds, including the liquid crystalline phases, lyotropic liquid crystalline phase, the "e;"e;gel"e;"e; phases, and the transition between normal and reversed mesophases. Another paper describes the ordering and structure of liquid crystals by reviewing research work on X-ray analysis of thermotropic liquid crystals. One paper explains the studies made on the mesomorphic behavior of block copolymers, including the incompatibility, segregation, and organization of polymers. The paper notes that plastic crystals and liquid crystals are different manifestations of the duality of the melting process in molecular crystals, resulting in the loss of positional and orientation order. One paper describes the essential linear defects found in solid crystals, which have been researched in terms of the major role they play in macroscopic properties, particularly plasticity, as the defects or dislocations of translation. G. Friedel's work classifies liquid crystals into an intermediary symmetry composed of the nematic, the cholesteric, and the smectic phases. This intermediary symmetry occurs between the liquid type symmetry and the solid type symmetry. This collection can prove useful for researchers in liquid crystals and industrial scientists in the field of chemistry and polymer composites.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Advances in Liquid Crystals 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 10
Introduction to the Series 12
CHAPTER 1. Composition, Properties and Structures of Liquid crystalline Phases in Systems of Amphiphilic Compounds 14
I. INTRODUCTION 14
II. LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PHASES OF PURE AMPHIPHILIC COMPOUNDS 30
III. LYOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PHASES 32
IV. THE "GEL PHASE" 97
V. THE TRANSITION BETWEEN NORMAL AND REVERSED MESOPHASES 98
VI. CONCLUDING COMMENTS 114
REFERENCES 152
CHAPTER 2. ORDERING AND STRUCTURE OF LIQUID CRYSTALS 156
I. INTRODUCTION 156
II. THE USE OF STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF LIQUID CRYSTALS 157
III. THE MATRIX OF LATTICE DISTURBANCES AND OPTICAL MODELING OF THE STRUCTURE 159
IV. X-RAY ANALYSIS OF UNORIENTED SAMPLES 161
V. X-RAY DIAGRAMS OF ORIENTED LIQUID CRYSTALS 165
VI. TWO-DIMENSIONAL CYLINDRICAL FUNCTION OF INTERATOMIC DISTANCES 171
VII. THE LINEAR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION OF ATOMS ALONG THE TEXTURE AXIS AND THE CYLINDRICAL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION OF ATOMS IN THE PROJECTION ON THE BASAL PLANE 173
VIII. THE CYLINDRICAL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS OF MOLECULES ON THE BASAL PLANE 176
IX. THE FUNCTION OF ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF THE LONG MOLECULAR AXIS AND THE DEGREE OF ORIENTATION S 177
REFERENCES 180
CHAPTER 3. MESOMORPHIC PROPERTIES OF BLOCK COPOLYMERS 182
I. INTRODUCTION 182
II. POLYMERS AND BLOCK COPOLYMERS 184
III. INCOMPATIBILITY AND SEGREGATION 185
IV. SEGREGATION AND ORGANIZATION 186
V. DESCRIPTION OF THE STRUCTURES 189
VI. PHYSICAL STATE OF THE BLOCKS 192
VII. OCCURRENCE OF THE STRUCTURES 194
VIII. VARIATION OF THE STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS 195
IX. BIREFRINGENCE AND TEXTURE 198
REFERENCES 200
CHAPTER 4. PLASTIC CRYSTALS, LIQUID CRYSTALS, AND THE MELTING PHENOMENON. THE IMPORTANCE OF ORDER 202
PREFATORY REMARKS 202
I. INTRODUCTION 204
II. PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC CRYSTALS 209
III. PROPERTIES OF LIQUID CRYSTALS 212
IV. ORDER PARAMETER THEORIES OF PLASTIC CRYSTALS 220
V. ORDER PARAMETER THEORIES OF LIQUID CRYSTALS 235
CONCLUSIONS 268
ADDENDUM 1 268
REFERENCES 269
NOTE ADDED IN PROOF 276
REFERENCES ADDED IN PROOF 276
ADDENDUM 2 (added in page proof). 279
CHAPTER 5. DEFECTS IN LIQUID CRYSTALS 280
I. INTRODUCTION 280
II. TOPOLOGY OF LINES IN NEMATICS, COMPARISON WITH SOLID CRYSTALS 284
III. ELASTICITY OF LINES IN NEMATICS 292
IV. CHOLESTERICS 303
V. DEFECTS IN SMECTICS 311
REFERENCES 323
SUBJECT INDEX 326

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Mineralogie / Paläontologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-9133-8 / 1483191338
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-9133-1 / 9781483191331