The Influenza Viruses

Buch | Softcover

450 Seiten

2011 | Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1989
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
978-1-4612-8094-1 (ISBN)

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Influenza virus is an important human pathogen, frequently causing widespread disease and a significant loss of life. Much has been learned about the structure of the virus, its genetic variation, its mode of gene expression and replication, and its interaction with the host immu nologic system. This knowledge has the potential of leading to ap proaches for the control of influenza virus. In addition, research on influ enza virus has led to important advances in eukaryotic molecular and cellular biology and in immunology. A major focus of this book is the molecular biology of influenza virus. The first chapter, which serves as an introduction, describes the structure of each of the genomic RNA segments and their encoded pro teins. The second chapter discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in the expression and replication of the viral genome. In addition to other subjects, this chapter deals with one of the most distinctive features of influenza virus, namely the unique mechanism whereby viral messenger RNA synthesis is initiated by primers deaved from newly synthesized host-cell RNAs in the nudeus. Among the most significant accomplish ments in influenza virus research has been the delineation of the three dimensional structure of the two surface glycoproteins of the virus, the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. This has provided a structural basis for mapping both the antigenic sites and the regions involved in the major biological functions of these two molecules.

1 Genes and Proteins of the Influenza Viruses.- I. Introduction.- II. RNA Segments 1, 2, and 3: The Three Polymerase-Associated Proteins Form a Complex to Transcribe RNA.- III. RNA Segment 4: Synthesis, Structure, and Function of the Hemagglutinin.- IV. RNA Segment 5: The Nucleocapsid Protein Forms the Structural Monomer Unit of the Ribonucleoprotein Particles.- V. RNA Segment 6: The Neuraminidase.- VI. RNA Segment 7 of Influenza A Virus: Structure and Synthesis of the Membrane Protein (M1) and an Integral Membrane Protein (M2) from Unspliced and Spliced mRNAs.- VII. Influenza A Virus RNA Segment 8: Unspliced and Spliced mRNAs Encode Nonstructural Proteins NS1 and NS2.- References.- 2 Expression and Replication of the Influenza Virus Genome.- I. Introduction.- II. Viral mRNA Synthesis.- III. Template RNA Synthesis.- IV. Virion RNA Synthesis.- V. Regulation of Viral Gene Expression in Infected Cells.- VI. Interferon-Induced Mx Protein, a Specific Inhibitor of Influenza Virus Replication.- VII. Regulated Splicing of the Viral NS1 and M1 mRNAs.- VIII. Mechanisms for the Selective and Efficient Translation of Influenza Virus mRNAs.- References.- 3 Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the Hemagglutinin of Influenza Virus.- I. Introduction.- II. Structure of Hemagglutinin.- III. Antigenic Variation.- IV. Receptor Binding.- V. Fusion Properties of Hemagglutinin.- VI. Conclusions.- References.- 4 Neuraminidase: Enzyme and Antigen.- I. Introduction.- II. Protein Structure.- III. Antigenic Structure.- IV. Summary.- References.- 5 Membrane Insertion and Intracellular Transport of Influenza Virus Glycoproteins.- I. Introduction.- II. Entry of Influenza Glycoproteins into the Exocytic Pathway.- III. Protein Transport between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Apparatus.- IV. Transport and Processing within the Golgi Apparatus.- V. The Trans-Reticular Network.- VI. Transport to the Cell Surface and Insertion into the Plasma Membrane.- VII. Summary and Perspectives.- References.- 6 Structure of Defective-Interfering RNAs of Influenza Viruses and Their Role in Interference.- I. Introduction.- II. Nature of the DI Particle Genome.- III. Generation of Influenza Virus Subgenomic/DI RNA.- IV. Evolution of DI RNAs.- V. Replication, Transcription, and Translation of DI RNAs.- VI. Mechanism of Interference.- VII. Possible Role of Influenza DI Particles in Modulating Viral Pathogenesis.- VIII. Possible Role of DI Particles in Virus Evolution.- IX. Summary and Conclusion.- References.- 7 Variation in Influenza Virus Genes: Epidemiological, Pathogenic, and Evolutionary Consequences.- I. Introduction.- II. Influenza Viruses in Humans.- III. Homology of Influenza A, B, and C Viruses.- IV. Variation in Influenza A Viruses.- V. Variation in Influenza C Viruses.- VI. Variation in Influenza B Viruses.- VII. Genetic Basis of Pathogenicity.- VIII. Comparison of Variation among Different RNA Viruses.- References.- 8 Specificity and Function of T Lymphocytes Induced by Influenza A Viruses.- I. Introduction.- II. General Properties of Antiviral T-Lymphocyte Responses.- III. Specificity and Function of Anti-influenza Virus TH.- IV. Specificity and Function of Anti-influenza Virus TC.- V. Conclusions.- References.

Reihe/Serie	The Viruses
Zusatzinfo	450 p.
Verlagsort	New York, NY
Sprache	englisch
Maße	170 x 244 mm
Themenwelt	Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Natur / Technik ► Garten
	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Mikrobiologie / Infektologie / Reisemedizin
	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Studium
	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Botanik
	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie
	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zoologie
ISBN-10	1-4612-8094-X / 146128094X
ISBN-13	978-1-4612-8094-1 / 9781461280941
Zustand	Neuware