Kinetics of Nonequilibrium Low-Temperature Plasmas

L.M. Biberman, V.S. Vorob'ev, I.T. Yakubov (Autoren)

Buch | Softcover

498 Seiten

2012 | Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1987
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
978-1-4684-1667-1 (ISBN)

Artikel merken

The first research on plasma was done in connection with the study of electrical discharges in gases. The focus of attention for physicists was the partially ionized plasma, the kinetics of which is governed by various collisional and radiative processes. The choice of this area of research was motivated largely by the practical problems of that time the creation of gas-discharge light sources, rectifiers, and inverters. Since the early 1950s interest in plasma physics has risen sharply, particularly in the study of the completely ionized plasma with its various collective phenomena, insta bilities, and the interesting and sometimes unexpected effects attending the propagation of electromagnetic waves in such a plasma and the action on it of external electric and magnetic fields. Interest in hot plasmas has been stimulated not only by the diverse and novel physical phenomena, but also by the problems arising in connection with controlled nuclear fusion. The advent, in the early 1960s, of new technical fields such as gas-discharge lasers, magnetohydrodynamic generators, thermoemission converters, plasma chemistry, plasma propul sion devices, various methods in plasma technology, etc. , has led to increased interest in weakly ionized low-tempera ture plasmas. This is particularly true of nonequilibrium plasmas, which are characterized by an extraordinary diver sity of states and properties.

One Low-Temperature Plasma. General Information.- 1.1. Quasineutrality. Debye Screening.- 1.2. Ideal Plasma.- 1.3. Equilibrium Plasma.- 1.4. Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium. Elementary Processes.- 1.5. Features of the Transport Phenomena.- 1.6. Nonequilibrium Low-Temperature and High-Temperature Plasmas.- Two Elementary Processes in a Low-Temperature Plasma.- 2.1. Elastic Collisions.- 2.2. Inelastic Collisions of Electrons with Atoms, Ions, and Molecules.- 2.3. Inelastic Collisions with Heavy Particles.- 2.4. Elementary Radiative Processes.- 2.5. Average Energy Transferred to an Atom in Collisions.- Three Radiative Transport of Excitation.- 3.1. Basic Characteristics of Radiative Excitation Transport.- 3.2. Radiative Excitation Transport Equation.- 3.3. Effective-Lifetime Approximation.- 3.4. Radiative Excitation Transport in an Inhomogeneous Medium.- 3.5. Domain of Application of the Theory.- Four Criteria for the Onset of Nonequilibrium States.- 4.1. Criterion for Detachment of the Electron Temperature.- 4.2. Criterion for Equilibrium Ionization and for an Equilibrium Distribution of the Atoms over Levels.- 4.3. Criterion for the Breakdown of the Maxwellian Distribution.- Five Population Kinetics of Excited States.- 5.1. Qualitative Picture of the Population Distribution in a Nonequilibrium Plasma.- 5.2. System of Kinetic Balance Equations for the Populations of Excited States.- 5.3. Numerical Methods of Solving the System of Kinetic Equations for the Populations.- 5.4. Diffusion Approximation.- 5.5. Discrete Methods and the Modified Diffusion Approximation.- 5.6. Comparison of the Populations Found Analytically with the Results of Computer Calculations and Experiments.- 5.7. Influence of Atom-Atom Collisions on the Population Distribution.- 5.8. Allowance for Sourcesof Excited Atoms in the System of Balance Equations.- 5.9. Features of the Impact-Radiation Kinetics in a Rarefied Plasma.- 5.10. Some Applications of the Theory.- Six Kinetics of Ionization and Recombination.- 6.1. Elementary Kinetics of Ionization and Recombination.- 6.2. Basic Kinetic Equations for Ionization and Recombination and the Results of Their Numerical Solution.- 6.3. Coefficients of Impact-Radiative Recombination in the Diffusion and Modified Diffusion Approximations.- 6.4. Electron Density under Steady Nonequilibrium Conditions.- Seven Electron Energy Distribution and Energy Balance.- 7.1. Kinetic Equation and the Electron Energy Balance.- 7.2. Inelastic Collisions. Their Influence on the Electron Energy Balance, Excitation Rate, and Ionization.- 7.3. Self-Consistent Distributions for Electrons over Energies and Atoms over Excited States.- 7.4. Electron Energy Distribution in a Strong Electric Field.- Eight Transient Nonequilibrium Plasmas.- 8.1. Criteria of Quasisteadiness.- 8.2. Ionizational Relaxation.- 8.3. Radiation from Transient Plasmas.- 8.4. Relaxation of the Distribution Function.- 8.5. Instabilities of a Nonequilibrium Plasma in an External Electric Field.- Nine Some Topics in the Kinetics of Molecular Plasmas.- 9.1. Electron Energy Balance.- 9.2. Electron Energy Distribution Function.- 9.3. Distribution of Molecules over Vibrational Levels.- 9.4. Electron-Ion Recombination in Molecular Gases.- 9.5. Some Topics in the Kinetics of Atomic-Molecular Plasmas.- Appendixes.- Appendix 1. Values of the Level-Population Coefficients of Atomic Hydrogen.- Appendix 2. Differential and Finite-Difference Fokker-Planck Equations.- Appendix 3. Energy Level Schemes of Atoms.- Appendix 4. Sample Calculation of the Populations of Excited Atoms in the Modified Diffusion Approximation.- References.

Zusatzinfo	498 p.
Verlagsort	New York, NY
Sprache	englisch
Maße	152 x 229 mm
Themenwelt	Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Atom- / Kern- / Molekularphysik
Themenwelt	Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Mechanik
ISBN-10	1-4684-1667-7 / 1468416677
ISBN-13	978-1-4684-1667-1 / 9781468416671
Zustand	Neuware