The Forest-Atmosphere Interaction

Proceedings of the Forest Environmental Measurements Conference held at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, October 23–28, 1983

B.A. Hutchison, B.B. Hicks (Herausgeber)

Buch | Softcover

684 Seiten

2011 | Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1985
Springer (Verlag)
978-94-010-8843-5 (ISBN)

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The effects of meteorological phenomena upon forest produc tivity and forestry operations have been of concern for many years. With the evolution of system-level studies of forest eco system structure and function in the International Biological Program and elsewhere, more fundamental interactions between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere received scientific atten tion but the emphasis on meteorological and climatological effects on forest processes remained. More recently, as recogni tion has developed of potential and actual problems associated with the atmospheric transport, dispersion, and deposition of airborne pollutants, the effects of forest canopies upon boundary-layer meteorological phenomena has come under scientific scrutiny. Looking to the future, with rising atmospheric con centrations of C02 and increasing competition for the finite fresh-water resources of the earth, interest in the role of forests in global C02 and water balances can also be expected to intensify. Thus, the nature of forest canopy-atmosphere interac tions, that is to say, the meteorological phenomena occurring in and above forest canopies, are of importance to a wide variety of scientific and social-issues. Demands for forest meteorological information currently exceed levels of knowledge and given the economic constraints of science in general and environmental sciences in particular, chances for major improvements in scien tific support in the near future are slim. Unfortunately, studies of environmental phenomena in and above forests are costly and logistically difficult. Trees, the ecological dominants of forest ecosystems, are the largest of all terrestrial organisms.

I. The Characterization of Forest Environments.- Characterization of Boundary Conditions Affecting Forest Environmental Phenomena.- Meteorological Data Stations at Long-Term Ecological Research Sites.- Leaf and Bark Area Distribution in a Pine Forest.- Canopy Architecture of a Red Maple Edge Stand Measured by a Point Drop Method.- Estimates of Surface Roughness and Displacement Heights Above a Growing Pine Forest from Wind Profile Measurements over a Period of Ten Years.- Preliminary Study of Dependance of Surface Conductance of Thetford Forest on Environmental Conditions.- Data Acquisition for Forest Environmental Measurements in Sweden.- An Approach to Microcomputer Based Data Acquisition and Control for Forest Environmental Measurements.- Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide, and Water Vapor Flux Measurements Utilizing a Microprocessor-Controlled Data Acquisition System in a Pine Plantation.- Data Acquisition System for Wind Induced Tree Vibration.- A Forest Evapotranspiration Model Using Synoptic Weather Data.- Simulating Interception Loss Using Standard Meteorological Data.- Adapting an Agricultural Soil-Plant-Air-Water Model for Use in Forests.- Determination Of The Energy Exchanges of a Forest Type Culture: HeveaBrasiliensis.- Determination of The Year-To-Year Variation in Growing Season Water Use of a Douglas Fir Stand.- An Areally Intensive Approach to Hydrologic Nutrient Transport in Forested Watersheds.- A Lysimeter Characterization of Evaporation by Eucalypt Forest and its Representativeness for the Local Environment.- Lysimetric Evaluation of Pine Forest Evapotranspiration.- Variability of Rainfall Chemistry Within a 40 Ha Field in North Central West Virginia.- Measurements of Solar Radiation on Vertical Surfaces in the Shade of Individual Trees.- Urban Forest Cover and Aggregation from High-Altitude Aerial Photographs.- A Device for Rapid Quantification of Seedling Morphology.- Application of Atmospheric Tracer Techniques for Determining Biogenic Hydrocarbon Fluxes from an Oak Forest.- Analysis of Forest Environmental Measurements to Estimate Parameters of Microclimate And Air Pollution Deposition Velocity Models.- Internal Consistency of the Bowen Ratio Approach to Flux Estimation over Forested Wetland.- II. Wind Turbulence, and Turbulence Exchange above and within Forest Canopies.- On Diffusive and Dispersive Fluxes in Forest Canopies.- Flux-Gradient Relationships in a Forest Canopy.- Turbulent Transport in Flexible Plant Canopies.- Modeling Turbulent Exchange in Forest Canopies.- Modeling Windfields and Surface Layer Wind Profiles over Complex Terrain and Within Vegetative Canopies.- Modelling Canopy Exchanges of Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide in Coniferous Forest Plantations.- Correlated Vertical Wind Speeds in a Spruce Canopy.- Spatial and Temporal Variation of Eddy Flux Measures of Heat and Momentum in the Roughness Sublayer Above a 30-m Douglas Fir Forest.- Eddy Diffusivity And Instrument Resolution in Relation to Plant Height.- Variability of Short Term Eddy-Correlation Estimates of Mass Exchange.- Some Estimates of Dissipation from Turbulent Velocity Component Gradients over a Forest Canopy.- Application of Forest Canopy-Atmosphere Turbulent Exchange Information.- Measurements of Turbulent Heat and CO2 Exchange over Forest from Aircraft.- Panel Discussion on Research Needs and Directions.- Appendix A Forest Environmental Measurements Conference Attendees.- Appendix B Forest Environmental Measurements Conference Manuscript Referees.

Zusatzinfo	XIX, 684 p.
Verlagsort	Dordrecht
Sprache	englisch
Maße	155 x 235 mm
Themenwelt	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
	Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
	Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Meteorologie / Klimatologie
ISBN-10	94-010-8843-8 / 9401088438
ISBN-13	978-94-010-8843-5 / 9789401088435
Zustand	Neuware