Distillation Control (eBook)

An Engineering Perspective

Cecil L. Smith (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2012 | 1. Auflage
352 Seiten
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-25969-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Learn to Design the Best Control Configuration for Any
Distillation Column

Today, distillation is by far the most common separation
technique used in the chemical and petroleum industries. All
distillation columns need to be carefully controlled in order to
meet specified production and quality levels. Distillation
Control enables readers to do this by approaching the subject
from a process to develop, analyze, and troubleshoot all aspects of
column controls. Readers are efficiency and effectiveness and
minimizing coats.

Distillation Control begins with a chapter dedicated to
underlying principles, including separation processes, reflux and
boilup ratios, and composition dynamics. Next, the author covers
such critical topics as:

* Composition control

* Pressure control and condensers

* Reboilers and feed preheaters

* Application of feedforward

* Unit optimization

* Complex towers

As readers progress through the text, they'll discover
that the best control configuration for a distillation column is
largely determined using steady-state process characteristics. The
stage-by-stage separation models that the author sets forth for
column design, therefore, provide information that is essential in
developing the optimal control configuration.

In addition to its clear explanations, Distillation
Control is filled with clear diagrams and illustrations that
clarify complex concepts and guide readers through multi-step
procedures.

Engineers as well as other professionals working in process
facilities that use distillation to separate materials will fin
that this book enables them to implement the latest tested and
proven distillation control methods to meet their particular
processing needs.

Autor

Cecil L. Smith, PhD, is President of Cecil L. Smith, Inc. a firm specializing in automation technology, founded after he left the facility of Louisiana State University. Dr. Smith has more than thirty-five years of experience in process control, with expertise spanning almost all control technology currently in use in industrial production facilities. Dr. Smith has been listed among InTech magazine's fifty most influential industry innovators.

Inhalt

Preface ix

1 Principles 1

1.1. Separation Processes 2

1.2. Total Material Balance 9

1.3. Reflux and Boilup Ratios 13

1.4. Total Material Balance around Condenser 18

1.5. Total Material Balance around Reboiler 21

1.6. Component Material Balances 24

1.7. Energy and the Separation Factor 28

1.8. Multicomponent Distillation 35

1.9. Stage-by-Stage Separation Model 38

1.10. Formulation of the Control Problem 47

1.11. Tower Internals 50

1.12. Flooding 55

1.13. Tray Hydraulics 59

1.14. Inverse Response in Bottoms Level 62

1.15. Composition Dynamics 65

References 69

2 Composition Control 70

2.1. Product Specifications 71

2.2. Columns in Series 75

2.3. Composition Analyzers 78

2.4. Temperature 83

2.5. Distillate Composition Control: Constant Boilup 91

2.6. Distillate Composition Control: Constant Bottoms Flow 96

2.7. Operating Lines 100

2.8. Temperature Profiles 106

2.9. Feed Composition Disturbances 111

2.10. Bottoms Composition Control 116

2.11. Propagation of Variance in Level Control Configurations 122

2.12. Level Control in Direct Material Balance Configurations 126

3 Pressure Control and Condensers 136

3.1. Pressure Control 137

3.2. Once-Through Heat Transfer Processes 142

3.3. Water-Cooled Condensers 147

3.4. Flooded Condensers 151

3.5. Air-Cooled Condensers 159

3.6. Partial Condensers 162

3.7. Atmospheric Towers 167

3.8. Vacuum Towers 169

3.9. Floating Pressure/Pressure Minimization 173

Reference 179

4 Reboilers and Feed Preheaters 180

4.1. Types of Reboilers 181

4.2. Steam-Heated Reboilers 185

4.3. Hot Oil 195

4.4. Fired Heaters 198

4.5. Feed Preheater 200

4.6. Economizer 204

References 208

5 Applying Feedforward 209

5.1. Feed Flow and Composition 210

5.2. Internal Reflux Control 220

5.3. Extreme Feedforward 226

5.4. Feedforward for Bottoms Level 229

5.5. Feedforward for Column Pressure 234

5.6. Product Compositions 238

Reference 242

6 Unit Optimization 243

6.1. Energy and Separation 244

6.2. Optimization of a Column 250

6.3. Constraints in Distillation Columns 255

6.4. Control Configurations for Single Constraint 258

6.5. Control Configurations for Multiple Constraints 266

References 272

7 Double-End Composition Control 273

7.1. Defining the Problem 273

7.2. Options for Composition Control 275

7.3. Relative Gain 283

7.4. Relative Gains from Open Loop Sensitivities 290

7.5. Relative Gains for Other Configurations 294

7.6. Ratios for Manipulated Variables 296

7.7. Effect of Operating Objectives 300

7.8. MPC 303

8 Complex Towers 306

8.1. Heat Integration 307

8.2. Side Heater/Side Cooler 311

8.3. Sidestreams 316

8.4. Withdrawing a Liquid Sidestream 319

8.5. Withdrawing a Vapor Sidestream 322

8.6. Composition Control in Sidestream Towers 324

Index 329

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 13.4.2012
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Schlagworte: chemical engineering • Chemische Verfahrenstechnik • Control Process & Measurements • Control Systems Technology • Destillation • Electrical & Electronics Engineering • Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik • Maschinenbau • mechanical engineering • Mess- u. Regeltechnik • process development • Regelungstechnik • Verfahrensentwicklung • Verfahrenstechnik
• ISBN-10: 1-118-25969-6 / 1118259696
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-25969-6 / 9781118259696