Invertebrate Immunology

B. Rinkevich, W.E.G. Müller (Herausgeber)

Buch | Softcover

XIII, 250 Seiten

2011 | 1. Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1996
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-642-79737-8 (ISBN)

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The biological bases of invertebrate immune responses have interested scientists for decades, from the first relevant observation by E. Metchnikoff in 1882, who discovered phagocytosis while studying starfish larvae. Invertebrate immunology first began to be appre ciated as an important field in the late 1960s and 1970s. However, in the following years there was much controversy regarding the question: do invertebrates offer insight into the origin of the sophisticated immune responses of the vertebrates? There are several reasons why progress in research on invertebrate immune competence has been painfully slow. One of the main impediments to the progress, as compared to the fast development of knowledge in the vertebrate systems, was the fact that most of the studies concentrated on "whole organism" assays, mainly on grafting tissues between allogeneic partners. Only in the last few years have more and more aspects of invertebrate immunity been investigated on the cellular, biochemical and molecular levels. These studies led to discoveries of novel defense reactions, new pathways of effector mechanisms which are elicited after recognition of "nonself', and complex, sometimes highly polymorphic genetic elements that control invertebrate immune reactions. The importance of invertebrate immunity for understanding "immunology" as a whole, despite the conflicting models and hypotheses, is now much more recognized than before. Although most of the 20 phyla belonging to the inver tebrates have different modes of life, body organizations, habitats occupied, and biochemical patterns, they show striking aspects of exceptional precision for discriminating between self and nonself.

Humoral Factors in Marine Invertebrates.- References.- Earthworm Immunity.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Cells of the Immune System.- 3 Natural Immunity and Nonspecific Cellular Responses.- 4 Immune Reactions to Transplants: Coelomocyte Responses.- 5 Proliferative Response of Coelomocytes to Transplantation Antigens.- 6 Membrane Components Allied to the Ig Superfamily.- 7 Communication Between Immune, Nervous and Endocrine Systems.- 8 Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity.- 9 Mechanisms of Cellular Defense: Adaptive Cellular Response.- 10 Lysozyme-Like Substances.- 11 Evolution of Immune Responses and Where Earthworms Fit In.- References.- The Prophenoloxidase Activating System and Associated Proteins in Invertebrates.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Components of the Prophenoloxidase Activating System.- 3 Complement-like Proteins.- 4 Clotting Proteins.- 5 Summary.- References.- Inducible Humoral Immune Defense Responses in Insects.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Antibacterial Responses.- 3 The Response to Soluble Proteins.- 4 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Blood Clotting in Invertebrates.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Limulus Clotting System.- 3 Clotting in Crustaceans and Other Arthropods.- 4 Conclusion.- References.- Immune Function of ?2-Macroglobulin in Invertebrates.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structure of ?2-Macroglobulin.- 3 The ?2-Macroglobulin Protein Family.- 4 ?2-Macroglobulin in Invertebrates.- 5 Receptor-Mediated Clearance of ?2-Macroglobulin-Protease Complex.- 6 ?2-Macroglobulin in the Blood Cells.- 7 Interaction of ?2-Macroglobulin with the Proteases of the Clotting System of Limulus.- 8 Cytokine-Binding Activities of ?2-Macroglobulin.- 9 The Plasma Based Cytolytic System of Limulus.- 10 ?2-Macroglobulin and the Inactivation of the Proteases of Invading Parasites.- 11 Interaction of the?2-Macroglobulin with Other Systems of Immunity in Invertebrates.- 12 Evolutionary Considerations.- References.- Host-Parasite Interactions in Molluscs.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Molluscan Internal Defenses.- 3 The Fates of Invading Molluscan Parasites.- 4 How Do Molluscs Respond to Parasite Infections?.- 5 Are Susceptible Snails Simply Incompetent?.- 6 How Does a Parasite Escape Destruction by a Molluscan Host?.- 7 Conclusions.- References.- Clotting and Immune Defense in Limulidae.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Hemolymph.- 3 Hemocytes.- 4 Hemocyte Granules.- 5 Clotting Cascade.- 6 Protease Inhibitors.- 7 Transglutaminase and Its Substrates.- 8 Antibacterial Substances.- 9 Agglutinins/Lectins.- 10 Summary.- References.- Cytotoxic Activity of Tunicate Hemocytes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Ascidian Hemocytes.- 3 Multiple Modes of Self/Nonself Recognition and Cytotoxicity.- 4 The Hemocytes Involved in Cytotoxic Reactions.- 5 Hemocytes Involved in the Contact Reaction.- 6 Globular Granulocytes (Morula Cells): Are They Involved in Cytotoxic Reactions?.- 7 Hemocytes with NK-Like Activity.- 8 Conclusions.- References.- Humoral Factors in Tunicates.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Hemagglutinins (Lectins).- 3 Antimicrobial Substances.- 4 Other Humoral Factors.- 5 Humoral Factors Involved in Allogeneic Recognition.- 6 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Molecular Aspects of Immune Reactions in Echinodermata.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Response to Allogeneic Transplants.- 3 Clearance Studies.- 4 Humoral Molecules.- 5 Cytokines.- 6 Immune Effector Cells.- 7 Summary and Concluding Remarks.- References.

"...an essential text for any invertebrate immunologist. Furthermore, it should also be of interest to scientists with backgrounds in vertebrate immunology." Immunology Today

Erscheint lt. Verlag	27.12.2011
Reihe/Serie	Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology
Zusatzinfo	XIII, 250 p.
Verlagsort	Berlin
Sprache	englisch
Maße	155 x 235 mm
Gewicht	410 g
Themenwelt	Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Infektiologie / Immunologie
	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Biochemie
	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zellbiologie
Schlagworte	Biology • Cell • Cell Biology • immune response • immunity • Immunologie • immunology • Interverteberates • Marine Biology • Marine Organismen • Marine Organisms • Meeresbiologie • Wirbellose • Zellbiologie
ISBN-10	3-642-79737-7 / 3642797377
ISBN-13	978-3-642-79737-8 / 9783642797378
Zustand	Neuware