The Sirex Woodwasp and its Fungal Symbiont: (eBook)

Research and Management of a Worldwide Invasive Pest

Bernard Slippers, Peter de Groot, Michael John Wingfield (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2011 | 2012
XII, 301 Seiten
Springer Netherland (Verlag)
978-94-007-1960-6 (ISBN)

Infos

The Sirex woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, is the most important invasive alien insect pest of Pinus plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. It now also threatens pines in North America. This book brings together the worldwide knowledge of researchers from Universities and Government institutions, as well as forest industry practitioners that have worked on the pest. Importantly, it is the first comprehensive treatment of the subject since S. noctilio was discovered outside its native range around 1900. The book covers all aspects of the biology and management of S. noctilio, including aspects of the insects' taxonomy, general life history, host-plant relationships, population dynamics, chemical ecology and symbiosis with the fungus Amylostereum areolatum. The book also contains a comprehensive synthesis of the history and current status of the pest and worldwide efforts to control it, including biological control, silviculture and quarantine.

Inhalt

PrefaceDedication 1.0 Sirex systematics; problems and solutionsHenri Goulet1.1 Introduction1.2 Important issues for solving identification problems1.2.1 Ovipositor morphology1.2.2 Mitochondrial DNA1.2.3 Collections1.3 Diversity and biogeographic coverage1.4 Morphological characters used to recognize species1.4.1 Ovipositor characters1.4.2 Other characters2.0 Life history and biology of Sirex noctilioKathleen Ryan and Brett P Hurley2.1 Introduction2.2 Insect-fungus complex2.3 The life history of Sirex noctilio2.4 Host selection and susceptibility2.5 Host Records2.6 Factors influencing population dynamics2.6.1 Potential fecundity2.6.2 Reproductive potential2.6.3 Adult size2.6.4 Sex-ratio2.6.5 Natural enemies2.7 Conclusions3.0 Susceptibility and response of pines to Sirex noctilioJohn M Bordeaux and Jeffrey FD Dean3.1 Introduction3.2 Factors contributing to tree susceptibility3.3 Tree responses to Sirex noctilio mucus3.4 Tree responses to Amylostereum areolatum3.5 General responses to Sirex attack3.6 Reducing tree susceptibility4.0 The population dynamics of Sirex noctilio F.: the influence of diapause, spatial aggregation and flight potential on woodwasp outbreaks and spreadJuan C Corley and José M Villacide4.1 Introduction4.2 Pine plantations and Sirex noctilio in Patagonia4.3 Life cycle and adult emergence patterns4.4 Spatial dynamics of woodwasp populations at a stand scale4.5 Flight potential of Sirex noctilio males and females4.6 Conclusions5.0 The woodwasp Sirex noctilio and its associated fungus Amylostereum areolatum in EuropeBeat Wermelinger and Iben M Thomsen5.1 Introduction5.2 Biology of Sirex noctilio5.3 Natural enemies5.4 Ecology of the Amylostereum fungal symbionts 5.5 Relationships between S. noctilio attack and host quality5.6 Economic significance of S. noctilio in Europe6.0 The genetics of Amylostereum species associated with Siricids Magriet van der Nest, Rimvys Vasaitis, Jan Stenlid, Brenda D Wingfield, Michael J Wingfield and Bernard Slippers6.1 Introduction6.2 Systematics and identification6.3 Symbiotic specificity6.4 Mode of reproduction6.5 Vegetative incompatibility and population diversity studies6.6 Conclusions and future prospects7.0 Siricid woodwasps and their fungal symbionts in Asia, specifically those occurring in JapanMasanobu Tabata, Hiroaki Miyata and Kaoru Maeto7.1 Introduction7.2 Symbiosis between woodwasps and fungi7.3 Molecular phylogeny of fungal symbionts7.4 Life-cycle and host interaction of woodwasps8.0 Parasitoids in the management of Sirex: Looking back and looking ahead8.1 Introduction8.2 Use of parasitoids as biological control agents8.2.1 New Zealand and Australia8.2.2 South America8.2.3 South Africa8.3 Conclusions9.0 Factors affecting the efficacy of Deladenus siricidicola in biological control systemsBernard Slippers, Brett P Hurley, X Osmond Mlonyeni, Peter de Groot and Michael J Wingfield9.1 Introduction9.2 Rearing, handling and storage 9.3 Evolution of nematode virulence and wasp resistance 9.4 Introduction history and genetic diversity9.5 Interaction specificity – Amylostereum and Sirex9.6 Variable environmental factors9.7 Conclusions10.0 Ecological considerations in using Deladenus siricidicola for the biological control of Sirex noctilio in North AmericaDavid W Williams, Kelley E Zylstra and Victor C Mastro 10.1 Introduction10.2 Ecological factors in North America affecting the biological control program10.2.1 Climate10.2.2 The North American nematode10.3 Possible effects of the biological control program on non-target pine insects in North America10.3.1 North American Siricids as potential hosts10.3.2 Questions on nontarget effects on North American siricids10.4 Conclusions and future directions11.0 The chemical ecology of Sirex noctilioDamon J Crook, Katalin Böröczky, Kelley E Zylstra, Victor C Mastro and James H Tumlinson11.1 Introduction11.2 Sirex noctilio and stressed trees11.3 Pine tree volatile composition of healthy and girdled trees11.4 Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of S. noctilio11.5 Recent lure trials based on GC and GC-EAD results11.6 Antennal physiology11.7 Pheromones11.8 Conclusions12.0 The use of kairomone lures for the detection of Sirex noctilio in susceptible Pinus radiata plantations in AustraliaRichard Bashford and John L MaddenIntroduction12.1 Identification and testing of Pinus radiata stem volatiles12.2 Development of a kairomone baited trap system in Tasmania12.3 Integration of a static trap module into the current Australian NSCC working procedures for the control of Sirex noctilio12.4 Conclusions13.0 The Sirex woodwasp in New Zealand: History and current statusJohn Bain, Stephanie L Sopow and Lindsay S Bulman13.1 Introduction13.2 History of Sirex in New Zealand13.3 Use of biological control agents13.4 Pest status of Sirex noctilio in New Zealand 1980-201013.5 Conclusions14.0 Sirex woodwasp in Australia: current management strategies, research and emerging issuesAngus J Carnegie and Richard Bashford14.1 Introduction14.2 Control and management14.2.1 Australian Sirex biological control unit14.2.2 Current operational management14.3 Current issues and research14.3.1 Reduced nematode parasitism of S. noctilio14.3.2 Ips grandicollis attacking Sirex trap trees14.3.3 Optimise timing of nematode inoculation of trap trees14.3.4 Trap tree establishment techniques14.3.5 Storage life of nematodes14.3.6 Spread of Sirex into subtropical Australia14.3.7 Future research14.4 conclusions15.0 The ecology and biological control of the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in Patagonia, ArgentinaPaula Klasmer and Eduardo Botto15.1 Introduction15.2 Establishment, spread and distribution of Sirex noctilio in Argentina15.3 Management strategies for Sirex noctilio in Patagonia15.3.1 Monitoring15.3.2 Biological control with parasitoids15.3.3 Biological control with entomophagous nematodes15.4 Summary and Conclusions 16.0 The woodwasp Sirex noctilio in Brazil: monitoring and controlEdson T Iede, Susete do R C Penteado and Wilson R Filho16.1 Introduction16.2 Biology and ecology of Sirex noctilio16.3 The national program of woodwasp control in Brazil16.3.1 Prevention strategies16.3.2 Early detection and monitoring of S. noctilio16.3.3 Biological control16.3.4 Quarantine strategies 16.4 General recommendations17.0 Surveillance and control of the Sirex woodwasp: The Chilean experienceMarcos Beèche, Dolly Lanfranco, Mario Zapata and Cecilia Ruiz17.1 Introduction17.2 Forest health in Chile17.3 Sirex noctilio: a remarkable taxon17.4 Surveillance of Sirex noctilio in Chile17.4.1 Surveillance program methods17.4.2 Distribution of Sirex noctilio in Chile17.5 Control of Sirex noctilio in Chile17.5.1 Quarantine control17.5.2 Sanitation17.5.3 Biological control 17.6 Summary and conclusions18.0 The control of the Sirex woodwasp in diverse environments: The South African experienceBrett P Hurley, Philip Croft, Marcel Verleur, Michael J Wingfield and Bernard Slippers18.1 Introduction18.2 Pine forestry in South Africa18.3 Introduction and spread of S. noctilio in South Africa18.4 Efforts to control S. noctilio in South Africa18.4.1 Biological control with parasitic nematodes18.4.2 Biological control with parasitic wasps18.4.3 Plantation management18.4.4 Monitoring of Sirex noctilio18.5 Conclusions19.0 Sirex, surveys and management: Challenges of having Sirex noctilio in North AmericaKevin J Dodds and Peter de Groot19.1 Introduction19.2 Detection in North America19.2.1 Agencies involved in detection and delimitation efforts in Canada and the United States19.2.2 Annual surveys19.3 North American forests at risk19.4 Survey challenges in North America19.4.1 Logistical issues19.4.2 Biological issues19.5 Management challenges in North America19.5.1 Silviculture19.5.2 Biological control19.6 Conclusions20.0 Looking into the future of Sirex research and management Bernard Slippers and Michael J Wingfield20.1 Introduction20.2 Questions relating to the natural history of Siricids and their symbionts20.3 Continued risk and challenges facing management20.4 New technologies and unexplored opportunitiesConclusions

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 20.10.2011
• Zusatzinfo: XII, 301 p.
• Verlagsort: Dordrecht
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mykologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zoologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• Schlagworte: Biological Control • Entomology • Forest health • forestry management • Invasive forest pest • Research and management • symbiosis
• ISBN-10: 94-007-1960-4 / 9400719604
• ISBN-13: 978-94-007-1960-6 / 9789400719606