Molecular Pathology of Pituitary Adenomas (eBook)

Corin Badiu, Irina Ogrezeanu, Cristiana Tanase (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF | EPUB

2011 | 1. Auflage
130 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-12-415852-8 (ISBN)

Infos

The pituitary gland is an important one since it controls several of the other hormone glands, such as the thyroid and adrenals. A pituitary adenoma is an abnormal growth or tumor in this gland, and they are the subject of very active clinical and pathological research. This book examines the latest developments in this field and discusses the most important molecules implicated in apoptosis, angiogenesis and signal transduction. A good understanding of these processes is needed to identify the best therapies. - Facilitates the understanding of the processes involved and how they are translated into therapy - Illustrations are used to explain the complex mechanisms involved

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Molecular Pathology of Pituitary Adenomas 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface 10
Introduction 12
Special Thanks 14
1 Pituitary Tumor Classification: Functionality, Invasiveness, and Aggressiveness 16
Introduction 16
Clinical Presentation and Classification 18
Prolactinomas 19
Clinical Syndrome of Prolactinomas 19
GH-Producing Adenomas 20
Clinical Syndrome in Acromegaly 21
ACTH-Producing Adenomas 21
TSH-Producing Adenomas 22
Clinically Nonfunctioning Adenomas 22
Aggressive Pituitary Tumors 23
Pituitary Carcinomas 23
Pituitary Incidentaloma 24
Radiological Classification of Pituitary Adenomas 24
Pituitary Apoplexy 26
Definition 26
Incidence 27
Clinical Manifestations 27
Evaluation 28
Management 29
Long-Term Outcome 30
Monitoring 30
References 31
2 Immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy as Evaluation Criteria in Tumor Classification in the Deciphering of Pituitary Adenomas 34
Prolactinomas 34
GH-Producing Adenomas 35
Densely Granulated Somatotroph Adenomas 35
Sparsely Granulated Somatotroph Adenomas 36
Mixed Somatotroph–Lactotroph Adenomas 36
Mammosomatotroph Adenomas 36
Acidophil Stem Cell Adenomas 36
ACTH-Producing Adenomas 37
Thyrotrophin-Producing Adenomas 37
Gonadotrophin-Producing Adenomas 37
Null Cell Adenomas 38
False-Positive and -Negative Results on Immunohistochemistry 38
Discordances Between Serum Biochemistry and Immunohistochemistry 39
Discordances Between LM and EM 40
References 41
3 Proliferation 44
References 48
4 Angiogenesis 52
Introduction 52
Angiogenesis and Pituitary Tumors 52
Histopathology 53
Molecular Biology—Markers of Tumor Angiogenesis 53
The VEGF and VEGFR Family in Tumor Angiogenesis 54
Fibroblast and Endothelial Growth Factors and Their Receptors 55
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1a 55
Cyclooxygenase-2 56
Matrix Metalloproteinases 56
Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene 57
Angiogenesis and Cancer Stem Cells 57
References 58
5 Apoptosis 60
Detection of Apoptosis 60
Apoptosis Versus Necrosis 60
Regulation and Execution of Apoptosis 61
Apoptosis in Human Pituitary Adenomas 62
Morphology of Apoptosis in the Human Pituitary 63
References 66
6 Signal Transduction 68
Signaling Molecules and Pathways Involved in Pituitary Tumorigenesis: Diagnostic Tools 68
Receptors Involved in Pituitary Transformation 68
Tyrosine-Kinase Receptors 68
G-Protein–Coupled Receptors 69
GHRH and Somatostatin 71
Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone 72
Nuclear Receptors 74
Signal Transduction Pathways 74
PTTG Signaling 75
Protein Kinases 76
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases 76
Protein Kinases A and C 77
Phosphoinositol-3 Kinase/AKT 77
Ras 78
Wntß-Catenin Pathways 79
Wnt Inhibitory Factor-1 80
Transcription Factors 81
Cell Cycle 81
Cyclins 82
Retinoblastoma-Associated Protein 82
Protein 27 82
References 91
7 Stem Cell Markers in Pituitary Adenomas 98
Features of Stem Cells 98
Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells 98
Candidates to Stem Cells from Anterior Pituitary: Markers of Stem Cells 99
Follicullostelate Cells 100
Follicular Cells 101
Marginal Cells 101
SP Cells 101
From Stem Cells to Pituitary Adenomas 101
Concluding Remarks 103
References 104
8 MicroRNAs 106
References 110
9 New Generic Tools for Diagnosis: Genomics and Proteomics 112
Proteomics 113
Electrospray Ionization-MS/MS 115
Microarrays 115
Genomics in Pituitary Adenomas 115
Proteomics and Transcriptomics 116
In Situ Hybridization 120
Laser Capture Microdissection 120
RNA Interference 120
References 121
10 Therapeutic Approaches: Drug, Surgical, and Radiotherapy 124
Surgical Treatment 124
Drug Treatment 124
Treatment with Temozolomide 125
Therapeutic Approaches—Targeting Signaling Molecules 126
Radiotherapy Treatment 127
Future Perspectives and Therapeutic Implications in Pituitary Adenomas 127
References 127

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 31.10.2011
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Chirurgie
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin ► Endokrinologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Onkologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Humanbiologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 0-12-415852-8 / 0124158528
• ISBN-13: 978-0-12-415852-8 / 9780124158528