Seawater (eBook)

Its Composition, Properties and Behaviour

Open Open University (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

1995 | 2. Auflage
166 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-054081-8 (ISBN)

Infos

'Seawater' has been substantially updated in this second edition to take account of recent developments in marine science. Sections dealing with difficult physical and chemical concepts have been developed on the basis of feedback from the first edition, making this an ideal learning tool for oceanography students.
Chapter 1 summarizes the special properties of water and the role of the oceans in the hydraulic cycle. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the oceans and how they influence water density and movements is then discussed. Light and sound in seawater are considered next, along with some uses of acoustics. These are followed by an examination of the composition and behaviour of dissolved constituents, including such topics as residence times, the control of pH, and redox relationships.
Finally, the history of seawater and its role in global cycles is reviewed, with special reference to climatic change and the CO2 problem.

Inhalt

Cover 1
CONTENTS 6
ABOUT THIS VOLUME 8
ABOUT THIS SERIES 8
CHAPTER 1. WATER , AIR AND ICE 9
1.1 THE SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF WATER 9
1.2 THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE 12
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1 18
CHAPTER 2. TEMPERATURE IN THE OCEANS 19
2.1 SOLAR RADIATION 19
2.2 DISTRIBUTION OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES 20
2.3 DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE WITH DEPTH 24
2.4 ENERGY FROM THE THERMOCLINE - A BRIEF DIGRESSION 28
2.5 TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AND WATER MOVEMENT 30
2.6 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2 32
CHAPTER 3. SALINITY IN THE OCEANS 34
3.1 CONSTANCY OF COMPOSITION 35
3.2 VARIATIONS IN SALINITY 38
3.3 THE MEASUREMENT OF SALINITY 40
3.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 3 42
CHAPTER 4. DENSITY AND PRESSURE IN THE OCEAN 44
4.1 WATER MASSES 44
4.2 DEPTH (PRESSURE), DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE 45
4.3 T-S DIAGRAMS 47
4.4 MIXING PROCESSES IN THE OCEANS 54
4.5 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER4 62
CHAPTER 5. LIGHT AND SOUND IN SEAWATER 66
5.1 UNDERWATER LIGHT 66
5.2 UNDERWATER SOUND 77
5.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 5 87
CHAPTER 6. THE SEAWATER SOLUTION 90
6.1 THE GROSS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER 90
6.2 SOURCES AND SINKS, OR WHY THE SEA IS SALT 105
6.3 CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS IN SEAWATER 113
6.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 6 129
CHAPTER 7. SEAWATER AND THE GLOBAL CYCLE 133
7.1 A SHORT HISTORY OF SEAWATER 134
7.2 A LOOK AHEAD 140
7.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 144
APPENDIX: CONVERSIONS BETWEEN pH AND [H+] 147
SUGGESTED AND COMMENTS READING 149
ANSWERS AND COMMENTS TO QUESTIONS 150
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 168
INDEX 169

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 28.4.1995
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geografie / Kartografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Hydrologie / Ozeanografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-054081-3 / 0080540813
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-054081-8 / 9780080540818