Electrochemistry at Metal and Semiconductor Electrodes (eBook)

Norio Sato (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

1998 | 1. Auflage
412 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-053073-4 (ISBN)

Infos

Electrochemisty at Metal and Semiconductor Electrodes covers the structure of the electrical double layer and charge transfer reactions across the electrode/electrolyte interface. The purpose of the book is to integrate modern electrochemistry and semiconductor physics, thereby, providing a quantitative basis for understanding electrochemistry at metal and semiconductor electrodes.

Electrons and ions are the principal particles which play the main role in electrochemistry. This text, therefore, emphasizes the energy level concepts of electrons and ions rather than the phenomenological thermodynamic and kinetic concepts on which most of the classical electrochemistry texts are based. This rationalization of the phenomenological concepts in terms of the physics of semiconductors should enable readers to develop more atomistic and quantitative insights into processes that occur at electrodes.

The book incorporates many traditional disciplines of science and engineering such as interfacial chemistry, biochemistry, enzyme chemistry, membrane chemistry, metallurgy, modification of solid interfaces, and materials' corrosion. The text is intended to serve as an introduction for the study of advanced electrochemistry at electrodes and is aimed towards graduates and senior undergraduates studying materials and interfacial chemistry or those beginning research work in the field of electrochemistry.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Electrochemistry at Metal and Semiconductor Electrodes 4
Copyright Page 5
CONTENTS 8
CHAPTER 1. THE ENERGY LEVEL OF PARTICLES 14
1.1 Particles and Particle Ensembles 14
1.2 Chemical Potential and Electrochemical Potential 17
1.3 Electrochemical Potential of Electrons 18
1.4 The Reference Level of Particle Energy 21
1.5 Electrostatic Potential of Condensed Phases 22
1.6 Energy Levels of Charged Particles in Condensed Phases 24
References 26
CHAPTER 2. THE ENERGY LEVEL OF ELECTRONS 28
2.1 Energy Levels of Electrons in Condensed Phases 28
2.2 Electrons in Metals 32
2.3 Electron Energy Bands of Semiconductors 37
2.4 Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors 40
2.5 Energy Levels of Electrons in Semiconductors 45
2.6 Metal Oxides 48
2.7 The Surface of Semiconductors 52
2.8 Amorphous Semiconductors 57
2.9 Electron Energy Bands of Liquid Water 58
2.10 Redox Electrons in Aqueous Solution 60
2.11 The Electron Level of Normal Hydrogen Electrode 68
References 71
CHAPTER 3. THE ENERGY LEVEL OF IONS 74
3.1 Ionic Dissociation of Gaseous Molecules 74
3.2 Metal Ion Levels in Solid Metals 76
3.3 Ion Levels of Covalent Semiconductors 80
3.4 Ion Levels of Compound Semiconductors 84
3.5 Ion Levels in Aqueous Solution 89
3.6 Thermodynamic Reference Level for Ions 98
References 99
CHAPTER 4. ELECTRODE POTENTIAL 100
4.1 Electrode 100
4.2 The Interface of Two Condensed Phases 103
4.3 Electrode Potential 109
4.4 Electrode Potential in Charge Transfer Equilibrium 116
4.5 Measurement of Electrode Potentials 123
4.6 Potential of the Emersed Electrode 125
References 130
CHAPTER 5. ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER AT ELECTRODE INTERFACES 132
5.1 Solid Surface and Adsorption 132
5.2 Electric Double Layer at Solid/Aqueous Solution Interfaces 140
5.3 The Potential of Zero Charge on Metal Electrodes 145
5.4 Thermodynamics of Adsorption on Metal Electrodes 151
5.5 Electric Double Layer at Metal Electrodes 156
5.6 Contact Adsorption and Electric Double Layer 164
5.7 Particle Adsorption on Metal Electrodes 171
5.8 Electric Double Layer at Semiconductor Electrodes 181
5.9 Band Edge Level Pinning and Fermi Level Pinning 184
5.10 The Space Charge Layer of Semiconductor Electrodes 187
5.11 The Compact Layer at Semiconductor Electrodes 194
5.12 The Surface State of Semiconductor Electrodes 201
5.13 The Flat Band Potential of Semiconductor Electrodes 205
References 209
CHAPTER 6. ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS 214
6.1 Electrochemical Cells 214
6.2 Electromotive Force of Electrochemical Cells 217
6.3 Equilibrium Potential of Electrode Reactions 219
6.4 Electrochemical Reference Level for Hydrated Ions 223
References 224
CHAPTER 7. ELECTRODE REACTIONS 226
7.1 Electrode Reactions 226
7.2 Reaction Rate 229
7.3 Reaction Mechanism 233
7.4 Rate-Determining Steps of Reactions 239
References 246
CHAPTER 8. ELECTRODE REACTIONS IN ELECTRON TRANSFER 248
8.1 Electron Transfer at Metal Electrodes 248
8.2 Electron Transfer at Semiconductor Electrodes 262
8.3 Reaction Current at Semiconductor Electrodes 271
8.4 Complexation and Adsorption in Electron Transfer Reactions 287
8.5 Electron Transfer at Film-Covered Metal Electrodes 294
References 300
CHAPTER 9. ELECTRODE REACTIONS IN ION TRANSFER 302
9.1 Metal Ion Transfer at Metal Electrodes 302
9.2 Ion Transfer at Semiconductor Electrodes 311
9.3 Ion Adsorption on Metal Electrodes 327
9.4 Ion Adsorption on Semiconductor Electrodes 330
References 335
CHAPTER 10. SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOELECTRODES 338
10.1 Quasi-Fermi Level of Excited Electrons and Holes 338
10.2 Photopotential 343
10.3 Photoexcited Electrode Reactions 347
10.4 The Rate of Photoelectrode Reactions 360
10.5 Photoelectrochemical Cells 369
10.6 Photoelectrolytic Cells 370
10.7 Photovoltaic Cells 380
References 384
CHAPTER 11. MIXED ELECTRODES 386
11.1 The Single Electrode and The Mixed Electrode 386
11.2 Catalytic Reactions on Mixed Electrodes 388
11.3 Mixed Electrode Potential 390
11.4 Passivation of Metal Electrodes 394
References 402
LIST OF SYMBOLS 404
INDEX 410

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 9.10.1998
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Physikalische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Festkörperphysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Quantenphysik
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-053073-7 / 0080530737
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-053073-4 / 9780080530734