Light Scattering by Particles in Water (eBook)

Theoretical and Experimental Foundations

Georges Fournier, Miroslaw Jonasz (Autoren)

eBook Download: EPUB

2011 | 1. Auflage
714 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-054867-8 (ISBN)

Infos

Light scattering-based methods are used to characterize small particles suspended in water in a wide range of disciplines ranging from oceanography, through medicine, to industry. The scope and accuracy of these methods steadily increases with the progress in light scattering research. This book focuses on the theoretical and experimental foundations of the study and modeling of light scattering by particles in water and critically evaluates the key constraints of light scattering models. It begins with a brief review of the relevant theoretical fundamentals of the interaction of light with condensed matter, followed by an extended discussion of the basic optical properties of pure water and seawater and the physical principles that explain them. The book continues with a discussion of key optical features of the pure water/seawater and the most common components of natural waters. In order to clarify and put in focus some of the basic physical principles and most important features of the experimental data on light scattering by particles in water, the authors employ simple models. The book concludes with extensive critical reviews of the experimental constraints of light scattering models: results of measurements of light scattering and of the key properties of the particles: size distribution, refractive index (composition), structure, and shape. These reviews guide the reader through literature scattered among more than 210 scientific journals and periodicals which represent a wide range of disciplines. A special emphasis is put on the methods of measuring both light scattering and the relevant properties of the particles, because principles of these methods may affect interpretation and applicability of the results. The book includes extensive guides to literature on light scattering data and instrumentation design, as well as on the data for size distributions, refractive indices, and shapes typical of particles in natural waters. It also features a comprehensive index, numerous cross-references, and a reference list with over 1370 entries.

An errata sheet for this work can be found at: http://www.tpdsci.com/Ref/Jonasz_M_2007_LightScatE.php

*Extensive reference section provides handy compilations of knowledge on the designs of light scattering meters, sources of experimental data, and more
*Worked exercises and examples throughout

Inhalt

Cover 1
Table of Contents 6
Preface 8
Chapter 1 Basic principles of the interaction of light with matter 12
1.1. Introduction 12
1.2. The quantum field model 12
1.3. Basic quantum electrodynamics 13
1.4. Incoherent scattering 19
1.5. Coherent scattering 22
1.6. Basic scattering formalism 31
1.7. The diffraction approximation 38
1.8. Conclusion 42
1.9. Problems 43
Chapter 2 Optical properties of pure water, seawater, and natural waters 44
2.1. Introduction 44
2.2. Physical properties and the intermolecular potential 45
2.3. Radiative properties and the intramolecular potential 47
2.4. The intrinsic scattering of pure water 60
2.5. Measurements of the absorption of pure water 71
2.6. Analysis of the infrared and visible absorption spectrum 82
2.7. Analysis of the UV absorption spectrum 88
2.8. Organic substances dissolved in the water column: Gelbstoff 93
2.9. An important special case: chlorophyll 94
2.10. Problems 96
Chapter 3 General features of scattering of light by particles in water 98
3.1. Introduction 98
3.2. An inventory of solutions 99
3.3. Basic structures in scattering 113
3.4. Oceanic phase function approximations 141
3.5. Basic experimental comparison 149
3.6. Conclusions 153
3.7. Problems 153
Chapter 4 Measurements of light scattering by particles in water 156
4.1. Introduction 156
4.2. Scattering function 157
4.3. Polarized light scattering: the scattering matrix 202
4.4. Light scattering data for natural waters 219
4.5. Approximations of the volume scattering function 255
4.6. Problems 275
Chapter 5 The particle size distribution 278
5.1. Introduction 278
5.2. The particle size definitions and the particle shape 280
5.3. Definition and units 282
5.4. An optimum particle size grid 285
5.5. Transforming the size distribution 289
5.6. Uncertainty of the PSD measurements 302
5.7. Methods of PSD measurements 312
5.8. Aquatic PSD data 387
5.9. Problems 455
Chapter 6 Refractive indices and morphologies of aquatic particles 458
6.1. The refractive index: introductory remarks 458
6.2. Refractive index of water and seawater 462
6.3. Refractive indices of particles 473
6.4. Morphologies of aquatic particles 519
6.5. Problems 568
Appendix 570
Bibliography 622
List of major symbols and abbreviations 694
Index 702

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 29.8.2011
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Limnologie / Meeresbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Hydrologie / Ozeanografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Optik
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-054867-9 / 0080548679
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-054867-8 / 9780080548678