Handbook of Infrared Detection Technologies (eBook)

M. Henini, M Razeghi (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: EPUB

2002 | 1. Auflage
532 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-050791-0 (ISBN)

Infos

The use of lasers which emit infra-red radiation and sophisticated detectors of IR radiation is increasing dramatically: they are being used for long-distance fibre-optic communications and remote environmental monitoring and sensing. Thus they are of interest to the telecommunications industry and the military in particular. This book has been designed to bring together what is known on these devices, using an international group of contributors.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Contents 6
List of contributors 14
Chapter 1. Introduction 16
Chapter 2. Comparison of photon and thermal detector performance 20
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 Fundamental limits to infrared detector performance 21
2.3 Focal plane array performance 38
2.4 FPAs of photon detectors 41
2.5 Dual-band FPAs 67
2.6 FPAs of thermal detectors 73
2.7 Conclusions 82
Appendix 85
References 90
Chapter 3. GaAs/AlGaAs based quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane arrays 98
3.1 Introduction 98
3.2 Detectivity D* comparison 104
3.3 Effect of nonuniformity 106
3.4 640 × 512 pixel long-wavelength portable QWIP camera 107
3.5 640 × 486 long-wavelength dual-band imaging camera 114
3.6 640 × 512 pixel broad-band QWlP imaging camera 117
3.7 640 × 512 spatially separated four-band QWIP focal plane array 125
3.8 QWIPs for low background and low temperature operation 128
3.9 Summary 130
Acknowledgements 132
References 132
Chapter 4. GalnAs(P) based QWIPs on GaAs, InP and Si substrates for focal plane arrays 136
4.1 Introduction 136
4.2 Fundamentals of QWIP 141
4.3 Fabrication of infrared FPA 150
4.4 p-type QWIPs 156
4.5 n-type QWIPs 159
4.6 Low cost QWIP FPA integrated with Si substrate 162
4.7 New approaches of QWIP 166
4.8 Conclusions 168
References 169
Chapter 5. InAs/(Galn)Sb superlattices: a promising material system for infrared detection 174
5. 1 Introduction 174
5.2 Materials properties 174
5.3 Superlattice photodiodes 184
5.4 Summary and outlook 202
References 202
Chapter 6. GaSb/InAs supperlattices for infrared FPAs 206
6.1 Type-II heterostructures 206
6.2 Type-II infrared detectors 208
6.3 Experimental results from type-II photoconductors 216
6.4 Experimental results from type-II photodiodes 226
6.5 Future work 242
References 246
Chapter 7. MCT properties, growth methods and characterization 248
7.1 Preface 248
7.2 Introduction 248
7.3 MCT Characteristics and material properties 250
7.4 MCT crystal gowth methods 260
7.5 Material characterization methods 271
7.6 Summary 275
References 275
Chapter 8. HgCdTe 2D arrays – technology and performance limits 284
8.1 Introduction 284
8.2 Applications and sensor design 286
8.3 Comparison of HgCdTe with other 2D array materials 289
8.4 Multiplexers for HgCdTe 2D arrays 291
8.5 Theoretical foundations for HgCdTe array technology 294
8.6 Technology of HgCdTe photovoltaic devices 297
8.7 Measurements and figures of merit for 2D arrays 307
8.8 HgCdTe 2D arrays for the 3–5 µm (MW) band 311
8.9 HgCdTe 2D arrays for the 3– 12 µm (LW) band 311
8.10 HgCdTe 2D arrays for the 3–1 µm (SW) band 314
8.11 Towards GEN III detectors 316
8.12 Conclusion and future trends 319
Acknowledgements 320
References 320
Chapter 9. Status of HgCdTe MBE technology 324
9.1 Introduction 324
9.2 HgCdTe MBE equipment and process sensors 325
9.3 HgCdTe MBE growth process 333
9.4 Device applications 339
Acknowledgements 363
References 363
Chapter 10. Silicon infrared focal plane arrays 368
10.1 Introduction 368
10.2 Cooled FPAs 369
10.3 Uncooled FPAs 389
10.4 Summary 401
References 402
Chapter 11. Infrared silicon/germanium detectors 408
11.1 Introduction 408
11.2. Near Infrared detectors 413
11.3 Mid-and long-wavelength SiGe IR detectors 426
Acknowledgements 460
References 461
Chapter 12. PolySiGe uncooled microbolometers for thermal IR detection 464
12.1 Introduction 464
12.2 Structural, thermal and electrical properties of polySiGe 468
12.3 PolySiGe bolometer pixels 472
12.4 Readout and system development 483
12.5 Zero-level vacuum packaging 487
12.6 Conclusions and outlook 491
Acknowledgements 492
References 492
Chapter 13. Fundamentals of spin filtering in ferromagnetic metals with application to spin sensors 496
13.1 Introduction 496
13.2 Theoretical IMFP variation 498
13.3 Experimental study of A s 510
13.4 Spin precession and spin filters 513
13.5 Discussion and conclusion 519
Acknowledgements 521
References 521
Index 524

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.12.2002
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Analytische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Festkörperphysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Optik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Quantenphysik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-050791-3 / 0080507913
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-050791-0 / 9780080507910