Introduction to Zeolite Molecular Sieves (eBook)

Herman van Bekkum, Jiri Cejka, A. Corma, F. Schueth (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2007 | 3. Auflage
1094 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-055041-1 (ISBN)

Infos

Introduction to Zeolite Molecular Sieves, 3rd Edition presents a collection of the most important results and ideas in the field of molecular sieve chemistry and technology, the most important experimental techniques related to the research activities in molecular sieves, and identifies new areas of molecular sieve chemistry. Chapters start at a reasonably simple entry level, but also covers the present state-of-the-art in the field.
Topics covered include structure, synthesis, characterization, ion exchange, adsorption, diffusion, separations, and natural zeolites.

* 6 years since the last edtion this book brings together the rapid development within the field of molecular sieve chemistry and applications
* Accessible to newcomers to the field, also containing valuable information for experienced researchers
* 27 chapters written by renowned scientists in their field, including updates on some 2nd edition chapters

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Introduction to Zeolite Science and Practice 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface to the 3rd Edition 8
Chapter 1 The Zeolite Scene – An Overview 10
1. INTRODUCTION 10
2. MAJOR USES FOR SYNTHETIC ZEOLITES 11
3. MARKETS 12
4. RESEARCH 14
5. ZEOLITE SCIENCE 16
REFERENCES 17
Chapter 2 Zeolite Structures 22
1. INTRODUCTION 22
2. ZEOLITE FRAMEWORK TYPES 23
3. ZEOLITE STRUCTURES 39
4. POWDER DIFFRACTION 42
5. CONCLUSIONS 45
REFERENCES 45
Chapter 3 Synthesis of Zeolites 48
1. INTRODUCTION 48
2. PREPARATION OF ZEOLITES 48
3. SIZE AND MORPHOLOGY CONTROL OF ZEOLITES 81
4. MECHANISTIC ASPECTS OF ZEOLITE SYNTHESIS 89
5. RECENT IMPROVEMENTS IN ZEOLITE SYNTHESIS 96
6. FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR ZEOLITE SYNTHESIS 104
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 106
REFERENCES 106
Chapter 4 Phosphate-Based Molecular Sieves: New Structures, Synthetic Approaches, and Applications 114
1. INTRODUCTION 114
2. NEW FRAMEWORK TYPES 115
3. SYNTHESIS 126
4. APPLICATIONS 133
5. CONCLUSIONS 140
REFERENCES 140
Chapter 5 Organic Molecules in Zeolite Synthesis: Their Preparation and Structure-Directing Effects 146
1. INTRODUCTION 146
2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE USE OF ORGANIC MOLECULES IN ZEOLITE SYNTHESES 147
3. WHAT FACTORS ARE IMPORTANT IN SYNTHESIS OF HIGH-SILICA ZEOLITES? 149
4. METHODS FOR PREPARING SDA MOLECULES AND PRECURSOR AMINES 150
5. WHAT ARE RELEVANT PROPERTIES OF THE ORGANIC SDA MOLECULE IN A ZEOLITE SYNTHESIS? 157
6. SYNTHESIS IN FLUORIDE MEDIA 164
7. GERMANOSILICATE SYNTHESES 167
8. HIGH-SILICA VERSIONS OF TRADITIONAL ALUMINOPHOSPHATE MATERIALS 168
9. SYNTHESIS IN IONOTHERMAL MEDIA 169
10. CHARGE DENSITY MISMATCH 170
11. THE ROLES OF MOLECULAR MODELING IN ZEOLITE SYNTHESIS 172
12. RATIONAL DESIGN OF ZEOLITES 177
13. USE OF “DEGRADABLE” MOLECULES TO AVOID COMBUSTION OF THE SDA 180
14. ROLE OF DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN ZEOLITE SYNTHESIS 181
15. CONCLUSIONS 183
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 184
REFERENCES 184
Chapter 6 Zeolite Membranes – Synthesis, Characterization and Application 190
1. INTRODUCTION 190
2. SYNTHESIS 191
3. CHARACTERIZATION 205
4. APPLICATIONS OF ZEOLITE MEMBRANES 210
5. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS AND LIMITATIONS 217
6. CONCLUSION 219
REFERENCES 220
Chapter 7 Synthesis of Delaminated and Pillared Zeolitic Materials 230
1. INTRODUCTION 230
2. OVERVIEW OF CONVENTIONAL LAYERED MATERIALS 231
3. SYNTHESIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF LAYERED ZEOLITE PRECURSORS 232
4. MCM-22 ZEOLITE FAMILY 237
5. PILLARED AND DELAMINATED DERIVATIVES OF OTHER ZEOLITES 243
6. LAYERED ZEOLITE FAMILIES – SUMMARY 245
REFERENCES 246
Chapter 8 The Synthesis of Mesoporous Molecular Sieves 250
1. INTRODUCTION 250
2. SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS MATERIALS 252
3. SYNTHESIS MECHANISMS AND PATHWAYS 269
4. MESOSTRUCTURES 276
5. COMPOSITION 288
6. MORPHOLOGY 295
7. THE HARD-TEMPLATING APPROACH 298
8. CONCLUSIONS AND REMARKS 301
9. ABBREVIATIONS 302
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 303
REFERENCES 304
Chapter 9 Micro/mesoporous Composites 310
1. INTRODUCTION 310
2. SYNTHESIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS 312
3. CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS 322
4. CATALYTIC APPLICATIONS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS 327
5. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK 330
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 331
REFERENCES 331
Chapter 10 Hybrid Porous Solids 336
1. INTRODUCTION 336
2. DEFINITIONS 337
3. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HYBRIDS COMPARED WITH INORGANIC FRAMEWORKS 339
4. SYNTHESIS 340
5. STRUCTURES AND “DESIGN” OF STRUCTURES 345
6. THE STRUCTURAL ORIGINALITY OF MOF: FRAMEWORK DYNAMICS AND BREATHING 352
7. ARE MOF STRUCTURES PREDICTABLE? 357
8. HYBRIDS AS EFFICIENT MATERIALS: SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS 359
9. CONCLUSIONS 374
REFERENCES 374
Chapter 11 Diffraction Techniques Applied to Zeolites 384
1. INTRODUCTION 384
2. CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND DIFFRACTION: THE BASICS 385
3. X-RAYS, NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS – SINGLE CRYSTALS AND POWDERS 389
4. SINGLE CRYSTAL X-RAY DIFFRACTION 390
5. POWDER X-RAY DIFFRACTION 397
6. NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION 404
7. ELECTRON DIFFRACTION 407
8. USING OTHER INFORMATION TO HELP SOLVE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 408
9. CONCLUDING REMARKS 408
REFERENCES 409
Chapter 12 Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy in Zeolite Science 412
1. INTRODUCTION 412
2. NMR AS A TOOL FOR STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ZEOLITE-TYPE MATERIALS 412
3. NMR AND GAS–SOLID INTERACTION 427
4. DYNAMICS BY NMR: DIFFUSION AND MICROIMAGING 434
5. CONCLUSION 440
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 440
REFERENCES 440
Chapter 13 Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy for Characterizing Zeolites 444
1. INTRODUCTION 444
2. METHODICAL APPROACHES 445
3. APPROACHES ANALYZING STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE ZEOLITE SAMPLES 457
4. ASSESSING ACID–BASE PROPERTIES BY PROBE MOLECULES 464
5. IN SITU REACTION STUDIES ON ZEOLITES 478
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 480
REFERENCES 481
Chapter 14 Structural Study of Porous Materials by Electron Microscopy 486
1. INTRODUCTION 486
2. ZEOLITES 491
3. MESOPOROUS CRYSTALS 493
4. FUTURE 500
5. CONCLUSIONS 500
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 500
REFERENCES 500
Chapter 15 Textural Characterization of Zeolites and Ordered Mesoporous Materials by Physical Adsorption 504
1. INTRODUCTION 504
2. EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS 506
3. ASPECTS OF THE ADSORPTION AND PHASE BEHAVIOR OF FLUIDS IN MICRO/MESOPOROUS MATERIALS 513
4. SURFACE AREA AND POROSITY ANALYSIS 518
5. POROSITY ANALYSIS 521
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 527
REFERENCES 528
Chapter 16 Ion-Exchange Properties of Zeolites and Related Materials 534
1. INTRODUCTION 534
2. ZEOLITE ION EXCHANGE THEORY 535
3. CATION EXCHANGE PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL ZEOLITES 543
4. USE OF ZEOLITES AS CATION EXCHANGERS IN COMMERCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT 552
5. CONCLUSIONS 557
REFERENCES 557
Chapter 17 Gas Adsorption in Zeolites and Related Materials 564
1. INTRODUCTION 564
2. DEFINITIONS 565
3. THERMODYNAMICS OF ADSORPTION 568
4. ENERGETICS OF ADSORPTION 570
5. METHODOLOGY OF ADSORPTION 575
6. PERFECT AND REAL GASES 577
7. CHARACTERISATION OF ZEOLITES AND RELATED MATERIALS BY ADSORPTION 577
8. ISOTHERM EXPLOITATION AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 585
9. MODELS FOR PREDICTION OF MIXTURE ADSORPTION BEHAVIOUR 591
10. UNDERSTANDING ADSORPTION BEHAVIOUR IN ZEOLITES 596
11. UNUSUAL ADSORPTION BEHAVIOUR 598
12. DETERMINATION OF THE THERMODYNAMICS PROPERTIES BY GRAND CANONICAL MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS 600
13. COMPARING EXPERIMENTS WITH MOLECULAR SIMULATION BASED ON QUANTUM AND CLASSICAL APPROACHES 601
14. CONCLUSIONS – PERSPECTIVES 616
REFERENCES 616
Chapter 18 Host–Guest Interactions in Zeolites and Periodic Mesoporous Materials 620
1. INTRODUCTION 620
2. ENCAPSULATION OF MOLECULAR DYES IN ZEOLITIC AND MESOPOROUS HOSTS 621
3. DYNAMICS OF INTRA- AND INTERMOLECULAR CHARGE TRANSFER IN POROUS HOSTS 631
4. REACTION DYNAMICS IN POROUS HOSTS – FROM FEMTOSECONDS TO MICROSECONDS 634
5. METAL AND SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS IN ZEOLITIC HOSTS 638
6. EXTENDED GUEST STRUCTURES IN POROUS HOSTS 643
7. CHEMICAL SENSORS BASED ON POROUS MATERIALS 650
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 658
REFERENCES 659
Chapter 19 Molecular Modelling in Zeolite Science 668
1. INTRODUCTION 668
2. METHODOLOGIES: INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS AND LATTICE ENERGIES 669
3. STRUCTURE MODELLING AND PREDICTION 672
4. MODELLING HYPOTHETICAL ZEOLITE STRUCTURES 675
5. ADSORPTION AND DIFFUSION 679
6. MODELLING TEMPLATE/FRAMEWORK INTERACTION AND STRUCTURE-DIRECTION EFFECTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ZEOTYPES 689
7. DEFECTIVE MICROPOROUS MATERIALS 694
8. SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVE 703
REFERENCES 703
Chapter 20 Applications of Quantum Chemical Methods in Zeolite Science 710
1. SCOPE 710
2. INTRODUCTION 710
3. METHODOLOGY 711
4. MODEL/METHOD RELIABILITY 722
5. CONCLUSIONS 741
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 741
REFERENCES 741
Chapter 21 Diffusion in Zeolite Molecular Sieves 746
1. INTRODUCTION 746
2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 747
3. THEORETICAL PREDICTION OF INTRACRYSTALLINE DIFFUSIVITIES 751
4. MEASUREMENT OF INTRACRYSTALLINE DIFFUSION 752
5. REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL DIFFUSIVITY DATA FOR SELECTED SYSTEMS 771
6. DIFFUSION LIMITATIONS IN ZEOLITE CATALYSTS 786
7. CONCLUSIONS 789
8. NOTATION 789
9. FURTHER READING 790
REFERENCES 791
Chapter 22 Acid and Base Catalysis on Zeolites 796
1. INTRODUCTION 796
2. ACID CATALYSIS IN ZEOLITES 797
3. BASE CATALYSIS 829
4. A LOOK TO THE FUTURE 836
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 836
5. REFERENCES 836
Chapter 23 Applications of Mesoporous Molecular Sieves in Catalysis and Separations 846
1. PORE SIZE EFFECT 847
2. CONFINEMENT AND CHIRALITY 847
3. PETROLEUM CONVERSION CATALYSIS 848
4. FISCHER–TROPSCH REACTION 854
5. PETROCHEMICAL RELATED CATALYSIS 854
6. BIOLOGICAL 855
7. SEPARATION APPLICATIONS OF MESOPOROUS MATERIALS 855
8. CATALYSIS WITH ORGANO-INORGANIC MESOPOROUS COMPOSITES 856
9. CONCLUDING REMARKS 858
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 859
REFERENCES 859
Chapter 24 Zeolites in Hydrocarbon Processing 864
1. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE 864
2. FCC 868
3. HYDROCRACKING 877
4. CATALYTIC DEWAXING 891
5. CONVERSION OF DISTILLATES – GAS OIL, GASOLINE AND (LIGHT) NAPHTHA 901
6. CONVERSION OF C3–4 STREAMS 904
7. FUELS FROM METHANE, SYNGAS OR METHANOL 909
8. CONCLUDING REMARKS 912
REFERENCES 912
Chapter 25 Catalyst Immobilization on Inorganic Supports 924
1. SCOPE 924
2. CATALYST ENCAPSULATION IN ZEOLITIC SUPPORTS 925
3. IMMOBILIZATION OF CHIRAL COMPLEXES ON MICROPOROUS OR MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS 937
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 951
REFERENCES 951
Chapter 26 Progress in the Use of Zeolites in Organic Synthesis 956
1. INTRODUCTION 956
2. SELECTIVE ADSORPTION 957
3. HYDROGEN TRANSFER REACTIONS 969
4. BAEYER–VILLIGER OXIDATION 974
5. TWO-STEP REACTIONS WITH EPOXIDATION AS THE FIRST STEP 979
6. C-ACYLATION OF UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS 982
7. CYCLIZATION REACTIONS 989
8. MISCELLANEOUS 999
9. CONCLUSIONS 1002
REFERENCES 1003
Chapter 27 Natural Zeolites and Environment 1008
1. BACKGROUND 1008
2. INTRODUCTION 1009
3. AN OVERVIEW ON NATURAL ZEOLITE CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY 1011
4. ENVIRONMENTAL USES OF SEDIMENTARY ZEOLITES 1013
5. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK 1038
REFERENCES 1039
Index 1046
Series 1056
Colour Plate Section 1068

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 2.10.2007
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Mineralogie / Paläontologie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-055041-X / 008055041X
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-055041-1 / 9780080550411