Microsatellites as Research Tools (eBook)

F.-B. Hsiao (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF | EPUB

1999 | 1. Auflage
388 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-053652-1 (ISBN)

Infos

In order to reflect the increasing importance and interest of the microsatellites in high technology and scientific applications in space, the Colloquium on Microsatellites as Research Tools was organized to promote its usage and technology development and to foster the international cooperation, especially in the area of the Asia pacific region.

Attended by 150 participants from 18 countries the colloquium was organized into five major themes: regional development, lessons learned, innovations, scientific applications, and education. A special session was organized as well by the organizing committee and supported by the National Space Program Office to present its development of the Taiwan's satellite program and the current status of ROCSAT-1 which is scheduled to be launched at the beginning of 1999.

Two main conclusions were drawn from the material presented: microsatellite in general is a very good means for doing space research and technology development, and a suitable vehicle to promote international collaborations.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Microsatellites as Research Tools 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface 10
Keynote Address 12
Session I: Regional Developments(I) 14
Chapter 1. ROCSAT Program and Some Related Research Topics 14
Chapter 2. An Introduction to the KITSAT Program and the Activities at the Satrec in Korea 18
Chapter 3. Microsatellite's R& D Activity in Japan
Session II: Regional Developments(II) 36
Chapter 4. Russian Small Satellites and Means to Launch 36
Chapter 5. The Irish and Other European Space Initiatives 51
Chapter 6. Outline of the Whale Ecology Observation Satellite System 61
Section III: Lesson Learned (I) 66
Chapter 7. ASTRID-2: An Advanced Auroral Microprobe 66
Chapter 8. An Overview of the Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT) 75
Chapter 9. Space Radiation Experiments on KITSAT-1 and KITSAT-2 83
Chapter 10. Space at Surrey: Microsatellities & Minisatellites for Affordable Access to Space
Session IV: Lesson Learned (II) 108
Chapter 11. Microsatellite Experiences from the United Kingdom 108
Chapter 12. ØRSTED – A Danish Microsatellite with a High Scientific Profile 112
Chapter 13. New Technologies for Miniaturized Spacecraft and Multi-point Cluster Missions 123
Chapter 14. Lessions Learned? 132
Session V: Innovations (I) 137
Chapter 15. Advanced Microsat Technology 137
Chapter 16. The Conceptual System Design of the Users Spacecraft 147
Chapter 17. An Attitude Control System Design Based on the Turksat-lb Geostationary Satellite 152
Chapter 18. Microsatellites Power Supply Systems, Peculiarities and Methodology of Designing 161
Chapter 19. Microaccelerometric Satellite MIMOSA (Micro-Measurement of Satellite Accelerations) 169
Poster Session I: ROCSAT-I Program, NSPO, Taiwan 179
Chapter 20. An Overview of ROCS AT-1 Electrical Ground Support Equipment Design 179
Chapter 21. Multilayer Insulation for Spacecraft Applications 184
Chapter 22. Attitude Determination and Control System for a Small LEO Satellite 189
Chapter 23. An Overview of ROCSAT-1 OCI Science Team and Science Data Distribution Center 194
Section VI: Innovations (II) 199
Chapter 24. Power, Propulsion and Communications for Microspacecraft Missions 199
Chapter 25. Propulsion Options for Primary Thrust and Attitude Control of Microspacecraft 209
Chapter 26. Comparison of Magnetic and Aerodynamic Stabilization for a Microsatellite 219
Chapter 27. The Miniaturization of Deep Space Telecommunications Systems 231
Chapter 28. The Aerospace Program at Universiti Sains Malaysia 240
Session VII: Scientific Applications (I) 244
Chapter 29. Planetary Atmospheric Microprobes 244
Chapter 30. Characteristics of the KOMPSAT-I Payloads and Its Application 256
Chapter 31. Telemedicine Using Small Satellite MEO/HICAT for International Medical Communications 267
Session VIII: Scientific Applications (II) 277
Chapter 32. A Global View of the Magnetosphere Using Microsatellites 277
Chapter 33. The Use of Microsatellites in Monitoring the Ionosphere/Plasmasphere 285
Chapter 34. A Microsatellite Imaging Mission for the Multi-Phase-Angle Investigation of Vegetation 289
Chapter 35. A Study on Ka Band Rain Attenuation for LEO Satellite Over Taiwan Area 299
Section IX: Scientific Applications (III) 306
Chapter 36. The Humble Space Telescope: The Accommodation of a Small Astronomical Telescope on the Minisil Bus 306
Poster Session II: General 316
Chapter 37. A Computer Based System for On-ground Testing of The Attitude Control System of Small Satellites 316
Chapter 38. Positioning System Using Low Earth Orbit Constellations 323
Chapter 39. Analysis of the Unsteady-State Temperature Distribution of Micro-satellite Under Stabilization Effects 333
Chapter 40. Robust Performance Design to Satellite Attitude Control 342
Chapter 41. An EUV Spectrometer for Monitoring the Aurora 348
Session X: Education 352
Chapter 42. Student Satellite Project 352
Chapter 43. Munin: A Student Nanosatellite for Space Weather Information 361
Chapter 44. SEDSAT-l Lessons Learned 374
Chapter 45. The Student Explorer Demonstration Initiative Project 385
List of Participants 391
Author Index 390

Textauszug

Rocsat Program and Some Related Research Topics

Jia-Ming Shyu    Director, National Space Program Office, 8th Floor, No. 9 Prosperity First Road, Hsin-Chu Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan 30077, ROC

ABSTRACT

While the ROCSAT-1 project proceeds to the integration and test stage, we expect to launch the first satellite of the Republic of China with three payload instruments on board in December 1998. The following ROCSAT series are now in planning. Among them a supporting program for “microsatellite as research tool” with international cooperation is also under consideration. Besides introducing ROCSAT-1’s recent development, this presentation will suggest some areas of interest for further discussion. The results of the discussion may be included into the future NSPO’s mission oriented research topics of the following ROCSAT projects.

PREFACE

The ROCSAT program started from October 1990. The first runner of this program, the ROCSAT-1 project, granted it’s spacecraft contract on June 1994. Subsequently, the ROCSAT Ground Segment (RGS), the Ocean Color Imager (OCI) payload, the Ionosphere Plasma and Electrodynamic Instrument (IPEI) payload, the Experimental Communication Payload (ECP) and the integration and test facilities were contracted to foreign and domestic companies. Under the close cooperation between NSPO and contractors, this project is going on smoothly and has finished integration of spacecraft and payloads. Now the satellite is under testing. We expect to launch ROCSAT-1 some time between December 1998 and March 1999 with the launch vehicle LMLV-1 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA.

Since all three payloads of the ROCSAT-1 have been delivered and integrated to satellite, and science teams of OCI, IPEI and ECP have been established and are preparing for the experiments quite a few time, it is now impossible to add on any extra payload to the satellite. Any researcher, who has interests about the experiment using these payloads, may contact directly with following primary investigators (PI) of the science teams:

OCI ---

Prof. Sien-Wen Li, National Taiwan Ocean University (NTOU)

e-mail: [e-mail]

IPEI ---

Prof. Shin-Yi Su, National Central University (NCU)

e-mail: [e-mail]

ECP ---

Prof. Yen-Hsyang Chu, National Central University (NCU)

e-mail: [e-mail]

Prof. Szu-Lin Su, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU)

e-mail: [e-mail]

Prof. Yun-Chang Chen, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU)

e-mail: [e-mail]

After the launch of ROCSAT-1, the downlinked data of ROCSAT-1 will be open to science community worldwide through Science Data Distribution Centers (SDDC) located in NTOU (for OCI), NCU (for IPEI) and NSPO (for ECP).

The mission life of ROCSAT-1 is two years and design life is four years. The extended mission in the third and fourth years after launch has not been decided yet. We will consider any meaningful suggestions when the time is near.

THE TREND OF SMALL/MICRO SATELLITE AND CONSTELLATION

As we all well know, the recent satellite development trend is “smaller, faster and cheaper” as advocated by NASA. Besides, we can add “constellation” as one of the new trends. Smaller is possible through functional simplification, faster is conceivable through reduction of documents and tests, and cheaper can be achieved through deduction of documents and tests, and cheaper can be achieved through deduction of redundant parts and modulation. Constellations to upgrade the function from static to dynamic or from non-real-time to real-time through mission repeat and it will bring far more benefits than of a single satellite.

The selection of subsequent ROCSAT missions is concentrated on small satellites and based on the requirements survey, supply sources investigation, and the trends of space technology development. It shows that small satellites and microsatellite constellation are suitable for domestic demand on remote sensing, meteorology, and science research.

RESEARCH TOPICAS OF FOLLOWING ROCSAT SERIES

While ROCSAT-2 is defined as a remote sensing satellite and ROCSAT-3 is planning as a microsatellite constellation for meteorology, some traditional major research topics for the main missions are under planning. Besides, there are some research topics needed to discuss.

Detection of Groundwater Over Utilization

The southwest coast of Taiwan has suffered from flood in recent years. The flood was induced from landsinking, which according to the report [1], cost us in average 11 Billion NT dollars every year. The over suction of groundwater by aquaculture farmer is the major cause of landsinking. The Environment Protection Bureau warned this situation, but was not capable to identified anyone who excessively pumped the groundwater out to feed his fish pond.

If we can use suitable instrument, such as infrared sensor from LEO satellite to get the water temperature distribution map with isothermal line, then we can see the cold/warm water sources. These cold/warm water sources are identical to the place where the groundwater, with different temperature as nearby areas, pours in. In addition, the density of isothermal lines will show the volumetric flow of the groundwater. It is therefore possible to identify the offender of the environment protection.

Rain may disturb the water temperature distribution. However, on raining days the fishfarmer will not use groundwater to dilute their fish pond. So, there is no need to remote sense water temperature in raining days.

Microclimate

The resolution of the cloud maps provided by the GEO meteorological satellite is about 3 km nowadays. This resolution is obviously too rough for small, mountainous and densely populated area like Taiwan. We need more accurate microclimate information such as cloud maps with resolution about 200 m and delivered every hour. Through integration of GEO cloud maps with lower resolutions and LEO cloud maps with higher resolution we expect to have near continuos pictures of cloud motions. From these pictures and other weather informations we may differentiate and derive local wind speed, vapor, air pressure, air temperature, etc. more precisely.

Qualifying of Space Use Components

To secure the reliability of the satellite, it is important to test the components of the spacecraft as well as payload instruments before launch. We use ground test facilities to simulate space environment for verifying the survivability of the satellite. Nevertheless, it is still needed to prove its reliability in the real space environment.

Since constellation has many small satellite with the same conditions, we have more test opportunities to test components or instruments. The construction and circuitry of small satellite is mostly rather simple, and the down data of the satellite is far less than the big satellite. Therefore, it is easier to add on some ground-qualified components or instruments for space proving.

Space Gravity Field of Earth

The gravity of the earth is not homogeneous around the earth at the same altitude. And the changes of the gravity at the same moment in different places are not thoughtfully investigated so far. To better understand our planet earth it is desirable to measure the gravity of the earth using constellations of equally distributed satellites. The high accurate position determination with the GPS receiver on board of the micro-satellite constellation may precisely determine the gravity field.

Sprites

On the terrestrial upper atmosphere there are many newly discovered phenomena associated with thunderstorms, such as red sprites, blue jets, elves, lightening-induced electron precipitation, pairs of VLF pulses and gamma-ray flashes of atmospheric origin. Observations and theories of these lightning associated physics have been the subject of special topics sessions on several international scientific conferences. Direct observations of sprites to date, mainly from ground and airborne, have been limited to their visible or near-infrared (400-900 nm) emissions. However, numerous micro-physical processes deriving from these phenomena are expected on general theoretical grounds to released energy over a broad band of wavelengths extending from the ultraviolet into the infrared. It is difficult to observe the ultraviolet emission from ground and a systematic observation from satellite becomes important. Use of the sprites imaging science payload on the ROCSAT-2 program will provide a first hand systematic global coverage observation data of these upper atmospheric lighting related phenomena and will have certain impacts and contributions to the international science community.

CONCLUSION

Although the small and microsatellite as space research tool is well known since the beginning of the space age in 1950s, its application is limited to amateur area since then. The function and performance of microsatellite improved quite a lot in recent years in conjunction with the development of ASIC, VLSI...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 12.3.1999
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Meteorologie / Klimatologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Angewandte Physik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Astronomie / Astrophysik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Fahrzeugbau / Schiffbau
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Luft- / Raumfahrttechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-053652-2 / 0080536522
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-053652-1 / 9780080536521