Submersibles and Their Use in Oceanography and Ocean Engineering (eBook)

R.A. Geyer (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2011 | 1. Auflage
382 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-087053-3 (ISBN)

Infos

Submersibles and Their Use in Oceanography and Ocean Engineering

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Submersibles and Their Use in Oceanography and Ocean Engineering 4
Copyright Page 5
CONTENTS 17
PREFACE 8
FOREWORD 11
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 16
INTRODUCTION 24
Definition 24
History 24
Manned suhmersihles 26
Unmanned submersibles 32
Conclusions 33
Section I: History — Respective roles and merits of manned versus unmanned submersibles in solving oceanographic and ocean engineering problems 36
CHAPTER 1. THE RATIONALE FOR SUBMERSIBLES 38
Introduction 38
Role of industry indevelopment and use of submersibles 39
Rationale for use of submersibles 40
Advantages and disadvantages of manned submersibles 41
Operational considerations 43
Summary 45
References 45
CHAPTER 2. UNMANNED SUBMERSIBLES 48
Introduction 48
Towed vehicles 55
Self-propelled, tethered vehicles 59
Bottom crawlers 72
Self-Propelled, untethered vehicles 73
Applications of unmanned, towed, self-propelled vehicles 75
Assets and liabilities 78
Conclusions 82
Acknowledgements 83
References 83
CHAPTER 3. THE UNIQUE ROLES AND HISTORY OF MANNED AND UN-MANNED SUBMERSIBLES IN OCEANOGRAPHY 86
Introduction 86
Manned tethered vehicles 86
Manned submersibles 87
FNRS II 87
TRIESTE I and II 88
DIVING SAUCER 89
Deep-submergence rescue vessels (DSRV) 91
Habitats 92
Unmanned submersible vehicles 93
Hybrid systems 95
Combination of manned and unmanned suhmersihles 96
Submersible mission 96
Manned vehicle or drone 98
Free-swimming manned vehicles 99
Tethered unmanned vehicle 99
Selection criteria for various types o f vehicles 100
Summary 101
CHAPTER 4. MANNED AND REMOTELY OPERATED SUBMERSIBLE SYSTEMS: A COMPARISON 102
Introduction 102
Undersea tasks 102
Why man? 106
Cost of manned systems 107
Remotely manned systems and use of the oceans 109
SONODIVER and SPARBUOY 110
SEAPROBE 111
CURV and RUWS 111
SNOOPY 113
Conclusions 114
Summary 119
References 120
Section II: Case histories of diversified uses 122
CHAPTER 5. THE ROLE OF SUBMERSIBLES IN A UNIVERSITY 124
Introduction 124
Brief description of other types of submersibles 125
Launching procedures 128
Retrieval procedures 129
Tracking procedures 129
Advantages of using DIAPHUS as compared with conventional methods 130
Instructions for data documentation 131
Safety Procedures 132
Specific uses of DIAPHUS 133
Study ol' naturally occurring hydrocarbon seepages in the Gulf of Mexico 134
References 137
CHAPTER 6. RECONNAISSANCE O F REEFS AND FISHING BANKS OF THE TEXAS CONTINENTAL SHELF 140
Introduction 140
Benthic niacrohiota and fishes 140
Flower Garden Banks 142
Stetson. Three Hickey Rock and Claypile Banks 153
Twenty-eight Fathom Bank 155
Natural-gas seep observations 161
Antipatharian zone 162
Geology of the Banks 173
Northern Banks 173
Conclusions 176
Acknowledgements 176
References 177
CHAPTER 7. THE ROLE OF MANNED SUBMERSIBLES IN SEDIMENTOLOGICAL AND FAUNAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE UNITED KINGDOM CONTINENTAL SHELF 178
Introduction 178
Sediment and faunal observations 180
Discussion 193
Acknowledgements 193
Reference 193
CHAPTER 8. SUBMARINE GEOLOGY FROM SUBMERSIBLES 196
Introduction 196
Volcanic foundations 197
Seamounts 214
Deep-sea floor 217
Oceanic plateau 218
Active faulting 227
Subduction 229
Discussion 237
References 238
CHAPTER 9. THE SUBMERSIBLE — A UNIQUE TOOL FOR MARINE GEOLOGY 240
Introduction 240
Submersible development as a geological tool 243
Sea-floor characteristics 244
Dynamic bottom processes 245
Morphological and geological determinations 250
Submersible limitations 255
Future outlook 257
Acknowledgements 259
References 259
CHAPTER 10. U. K. EXPERIENCE OF THE USE OF SUBMERSIBLES IN THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CONTINENTAL SHELVES 262
Introduction 262
Cost effectiveness of geological work with submersibles 262
History of investigation on the U.K. Continental Shelf 264
Geophysical site surveys and integration with data from submersibles 268
Operational considerations in work with submersibles 275
Summary of main IGS projects with manned submersibles 286
Summary of IGS Work with remotely operated vehicles 294
Types of submersible vehicles and their relevance to geological survey and site investigations 296
References 304
CHAPTER 11. SUBMERSIBLES: GEOLOGICAL TOOLS IN THE STUDY OF SUBMARINE CANYONS 306
Introduction 306
Canyon Heads 307
Central Valleys 311
Submarine Fans 317
Summary 319
Acknowledgements 320
References 320
CHAPTER 12. USE OF SUBMERSIBLES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUBMARINE PIPELINES 324
Introduction 324
Navigation systems 324
Pipeline route survey 327
Pipe-laying 336
Post-lay inspection 339
Future developments 341
CHAPTER 13. THE USE OF MANNED SUBMERSIBLES IN THE STUDY OF OCEAN WASTE DISPOSAL 344
Introduction 344
Submersibles as tools for ocean disposal study 344
Case histories: dredge spoil and municipal/industrial wastes 347
Radioactive wastes 354
Pipe discharges 357
Summary 359
Acknowledgements 360
References 377
CHAPTER 14. THE ASHERAH — A PIONEER IN SEARCH OF THE PAST 362
Introduction 362
Rationale for a submersible in archaeology 363
Submersible characteristics 366
Use at sea 369
Conclusions 377
References 398
Appendix 380
APPENDIX. SUMMARY OF CHARACTERISTICS, STATUS AND USE OF UNDERSEA VEHICLES WORLDWIDE 382
Introduction 382
Undersea vehicle/statistics 382
Vehicle utilization 389
Classification, certification and standardization 393
Manned submersible accidents 397
Conclusions 397
Acknowledgements 398
References 398
INDEX 400

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.9.2011
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Hydrologie / Ozeanografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Meteorologie / Klimatologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Angewandte Physik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-087053-8 / 0080870538
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-087053-3 / 9780080870533