ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual (eBook)

Roger Harris, Mark Huntley, Jurgen Lenz, Hein-Rune Skjoldal, Peter Wiebe (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2000 | 1. Auflage
684 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-049533-0 (ISBN)

Infos

The term zooplankton describes the community of floating, often microscopic, animals that inhabit aquatic environments. Being near the base of the food chain, they serve as food for larger animals, such as fish.
The ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) Zooplankton Methodology Manual provides comprehensive coverage of modern techniques in zooplankton ecology written by a group of international experts. Chapters include sampling, acoustic and optical methods, estimation of feeding, growth, reproduction and metabolism, and up-to-date treatment of population genetics and modeling. This book will be a key reference work for marine scientists throughout the world.

Key features
* Sampling and experimental design
* Collecting zooplankton
* Techniques for assessing biomass and abundance
* Protozooplankton enumeration and biomass estimation
* New optical and acoustic techniques for estimating zooplankton biomass and abundance
* Methods for measuring zooplankton feeding, growth, reproduction and metabolism
* Population genetic analysis of zooplankton
* Modelling zooplankton dynamics
This unique and comprehensive reference work will be essential reading for marine and freshwater research scientists and graduates entering the field.

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The term "e;zooplankton"e; describes the community of floating, often microscopic, animals that inhabit aquatic environments. Being near the base of the food chain, they serve as food for larger animals, such as fish. The ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) Zooplankton Methodology Manual provides comprehensive coverage of modern techniques in zooplankton ecology written by a group of international experts. Chapters include sampling, acoustic and optical methods, estimation of feeding, growth, reproduction and metabolism, and up-to-date treatment of population genetics and modeling. This book will be a key reference work for marine scientists throughout the world. Sampling and experimental design Collecting zooplankton Techniques for assessing biomass and abundance Protozooplankton enumeration and biomass estimation New optical and acoustic techniques for estimating zooplankton biomass and abundance Methods for measuring zooplankton feeding, growth, reproduction and metabolism Population genetic analysis of zooplankton Modelling zooplankton dynamics This unique and comprehensive reference work will be essential reading for marine and freshwater research scientists and graduates entering the field.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
List of Contributors 18
Preface 20
Chapter 1. Introduction 24
1.1 Introduction 24
1.2 General definitions 24
1.3 Size classification 26
1.4 Main systematic groups 28
1.5 Species diversity 29
1.6 Ecological position 31
1.7 Distribution pattern 33
1.8 Growth and metabolism 33
1.9 Reproduction and development 35
1.10 Standing stock and production 35
1.11 Conclusion 36
1.12 References 53
Chapter 2. Sampling and experimental design 56
2.1 Introduction 56
2.2 Conceptual issues 57
2.3 Design of oceanographic cruises and surveys 63
2.4 References 72
Chapter 3. Collecting zooplankton 78
3.1 Introduction 78
3.2 A survey of sampling devices 80
3.3 Factors influencing mesozooplankton samples 90
3.4 Handling towed samplers 95
3.5 Care of towing cables 97
3.6 Handling samples and sample preservation 97
3.7 Collection of live zooplankton for experimental studies 99
3.8 Other zooplankton instruments used in conjunction with nets 100
3.9 References 101
Chapter 4. Biomass and abundance 106
4.1 Introduction 106
4.2 Shipboard sample treatment 108
4.3 Biovolume and biomass determinations (W. Hagen) 110
4.4 Abundance and species identification 170
4.5 Analysis of community structure (H. Fock) 177
4.6 Acknowledgment 197
4.7 References 197
Chapter 5. Sampling, preservation, enumeration and biomass of marine protozooplankton 216
5.1 Introduction 216
5.2 Collection methods 219
5.3 Preservation and enumeration 224
5.4 Determination of biomass conversion factors 229
5.5 Standard protocols 233
5.6 Acknowledgments 235
5.7 References 235
Chapter 6. Acoustical methods 246
6.1 Introduction 246
6.2 General discussion of principles, instruments, techniques, and comparative approaches 246
6.3 Measurement protocols, model computations, and examples 264
6.4 Acknowledgments 276
6.5 References 276
Chapter 7. Optical methods 282
7.1 Introduction 282
7.2 General discussion of principles, techniques, and comparative approaches 283
7.3 Measurement protocols, model computations, and examples 306
7.4 Acknowledgments 314
7.5 References 314
Chapter 8. Feeding 320
8.1 Introduction 320
8.2 Feeding mechanisms of zooplankton 320
8.3 Expression of zooplankton feeding rates and common conversion factors 322
8.4 Microzooplankton 326
8.5 Meso- and macrozooplankton 343
8.6 Difficulties with specitic zooplankton groups 382
8.7 Omnivory 388
8.8 Factors regulating feeding rate 391
8.9 Predation behavioral models 400
8.10 Concluding remarks 401
8.11 Acknowledgments 402
8.12 References 403
Chapter 9. The measurement of growth and reproductive rates 424
9.1 Introduction: why measure growth and reproductive rates of zooplankton? 424
9.2 Models of growth and fecundity 426
9.3 Determination of egg production rate: broadcast spawning copepods 430
9.4 Egg production rates of egg carrying copepods 441
9.5 The determination of growth rate 443
9.6 Biochemical and radiochemical methods 448
9.7 Measurement of egg production rate of a marine planktonic copepod (Calanus Finmarchicus) 462
9.8 Direct determination of copepod molting and growth rates in the field 464
9.9 Acknowledgments 467
9.10 Referemces 467
Chapter 10. Metabolism 478
10.1 Oxygen consumption as an index of metabolism 478
10.2 Nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism 481
10.3 Measuring metabolic rate on live zooplankton 483
10.4 Metabolic rate and enzymatic indices 502
10.5 Concluding remarks 512
10.6 Collection and handling of zooplankton 513
10.7 Respiration 516
10.8 Excretion (T. Ikeda) 539
10.9 References 543
Chapter 11. Methods for population genetic analysis of zooplankton 556
11.1 Background 556
11.2 Technical approaches to determining genetic diversity 557
11.3 Statistical approaches to assessing genetic diversity and structure 565
11.4 Strategies for preservation of zooplankton samples for genetic analysis 572
11.5 General recommendations 575
11.6 Measurement protocols 576
11.7 Further reading 585
11.8 Acknowledgments 586
11.9 References 587
Chapter 12. Modeling zooplankton dynamics 594
12.1 Introduction 594
12.2 Modeling approaches and techniques 595
12.3 Models of individual bioenergetics and life history traits 600
12.4 Population models 618
12.5 Models of zooplankton communities 635
12.6 Modeling spatial dynamics of zooplankton 647
12.7 Acknowledgments 666
12.8 References 667
Index 692

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 14.2.2000
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Limnologie / Meeresbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zoologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Hydrologie / Ozeanografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-049533-8 / 0080495338
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-049533-0 / 9780080495330