Sedimentary Processes: Quantification Using Radionuclides (eBook)

J. Carroll, I. Lerche (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2003 | 1. Auflage
282 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-054084-9 (ISBN)

Infos

The advent of radionuclide methods in geochronology has revolutionized our understanding of modern sedimentary processes in aquatic systems. This book examines the principles of the method and its use as a quantitative tool in marine geology, with emphasis on the Pb-210 method. The assumptions and consequences of models and their behaviour are described providing the necessary background to assess the advantages and trade-offs involved when choosing a particular model for application. One of the purposes of this volume is to disentangle the influences of complicating factors, such as sediment flux variations, post-depositional diffusion of radionuclides, and bio-irrigation of sediments, to arrive at sediment ages and to properly assess the attendant data uncertainty. Environmental impacts of chemical, nuclear, or other waste material are of concern in a variety of areas around the world today. A number of relevant examples are included, demonstrating how dating models are useful for determining sources of contaminants and interpreting their influence on the environment.

The book is set at a level so that an able student or professional should have no difficulty in following the procedures and methods developed. Each chapter includes case histories showing the strengths and weaknesses of a given procedure with respect to a data example. Included with this volume is the computer source code of a new generation of modelling tools based on inverse numerical analysis techniques. This first generation of the modelling tool is included, along with detailed instructions and examples for its use, in an appendix.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Sedimentary Processes. Quantification Uaing Radionuclides 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface 8
Chapter 1. Introduction 12
1. Non-radioactive dating methods 13
2. Stable nuclides and other indicators of relative age 14
3. Radiometric dating 15
4. Applications of radiometric dating 17
Chapter 2. Radiometric methods 20
1. Basic procedure 20
2. Advanced procedures 22
3. Synthetic tests of the SIT method 28
4. Method comparison 35
Appendix A. Technical development of SIT method for unmixed sediments 37
Chapter 3. Single site studies 48
1. Lake sediments and 210Pb geochronology 48
2. Marine sediments and multi-radionuclide geochronology 52
3. Creel Bay and Main Bay, Devil’s Lake, North Dakota 60
4. Discussion and conclusions 67
Appendix A. Resolution and uncertainty for disentanglement procedures 68
Chapter 4. Multiple site studies 74
1. Amazon Delta test case 74
2. 87Sr/86Sr sediment ages in stratigraphy studies 83
3. Eastern Arabian Sea 87
Appendix A 90
Chapter 5. Sediment mixing 92
1. Introduction 92
2. Basic model 93
3. Organism-specific models 95
4. Physical turbation 95
5. A sedimentation model with bioturbation 98
6. Applications and limitations 103
Chapter 6. Biological mixing coefficients 108
1. Simple linear adsorption 108
2. Diffusion 116
3. Microscale diffusion 116
4. Bulk diffusion 117
5. Near surficial rapid mixing 120
6. Partition coefficient effects 123
Chapter 7. Marine contaminant studies 126
1. Sources of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the White Sea 126
2. Burial history of radioactive waste in the Kara Sea 129
3. Incorporation of uranium mill tailings into North Pond. Colorado 135
4. Organic carbon preservation in Lake Baikal sediments. Russia 138
Chapter 8. Concerning error estimates in age dating of stage boundaries 154
1. Introduction 154
2. Minimum error interpolation 155
3. Combined absolute and stratigraphic radiometric errors 157
4. General age/stage interpolations 158
5. A corollary 162
Chapter 9. Epilogue 168
Appendix A. Sediment Isotope Tomography software. general requirements and operation 170
Introduction 170
1. Applications and general limitations 170
2. Model design 171
3. SIT model usage 179
4. Example simulations 181
Sediment Isotope Tomography Code 198
References 274
Subject Index 282

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 19.9.2003
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Limnologie / Meeresbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Hydrologie / Ozeanografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-054084-8 / 0080540848
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-054084-9 / 9780080540849