Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy (eBook)

Principles and Spectral Interpretation

Peter Larkin (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF | EPUB

2011 | 1. Auflage
230 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-12-387018-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy: Principles and Spectral Interpretation explains the background, core principles and tests the readers understanding of the important techniques of Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy. These techniques are used by chemists, environmental scientists, forensic scientists etc to identify unknown chemicals. In the case of an organic chemist these tools are part of an armory of techniques that enable them to conclusively prove what compound they have made, which is essential for those being used in medical applications. The book reviews basic principles, instrumentation, sampling methods, quantitative analysis, origin of group frequencies and qualitative interpretation using generalized Infrared (IR) and Raman spectra. An extensive use of graphics is used to describe the basic principles of vibrational spectroscopy and the origins of group frequencies, with over 100 fully interpreted FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra included and indexed to the relevant qualitative interpretation chapter. A final chapter with forty four unknown spectra and with a corresponding answer key is included to test the readers understanding. Tables of frequencies (peaks) for both infrared and Raman spectra are provided at key points in the book and will act as a useful reference resource for those involve interpreting spectra. This book provides a solid introduction to vibrational spectroscopy with an emphasis placed upon developing critical interpretation skills. Ideal for those using and analyzing IR and Raman spectra in their laboratories as well as those using the techniques in the field. - Uniquely integrates discussion of IR and Raman spectra - Theory illustrated and explained with over 100 fully interpreted high quality FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra (4 cm-1 resolution) - Selected problems at the end of chapters and 44 unknown IR and Raman spectra to test readers understanding (with a corresponding answer key)

Peter J. Larkin leads Solvay's Spectroscopy and Materials Characterization group based in Stamford, Connecticut. He has more than 25 years of experience using IR, Raman, and NIR spectroscopy in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. This includes managing research groups in R&D environments as well as directing analytical method development, validation, and transfer teams. He specializes in IR and Raman spectral interpretation, spectroscopic chemometric analyses, early phase API and chemical development support, and process analytical techniques (PAT).Dr. Larkin received his PhD from the University of Pittsburgh in 1990 using resonance Raman and vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy to study heme proteins. Since that time he has worked in analytical departments both in the specialty chemical and pharmaceutical industries. While at American Cyanamid/Cytec Industries in Stamford, CT, Larkin received comprehensive training in IR interpretation from Dr. Norman B. Colthup. He subsequently worked at Wyeth Pharmaceutical, had a brief stint with Pfizer, lead the solid state analysis group at Bristol-Myers Squibb, and now leads the spectroscopy and materials characterization group at Solvay.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy 4
Copyright 5
Dedication 6
Contents 8
Preface 10
Chapter 1 - Introduction: Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy 12
1 -Historical Perspective: IR and Raman Spectroscopy 14
References 16
Chapter 2 -Basic Principles 18
1 -Electromagnetic radiation 18
2 -Molecular motion/degrees of freedom 19
3 -Classical harmonic oscillator 21
4 -Quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator 23
5 -IR absorption process 24
6 -The Raman scattering process 26
7 -Classical description of the Raman effect 28
8 -Symmetry: IR and Raman active vibrations 29
9 -Calculating the vibrational spectra of molecules 33
References 36
Chapter 3 -Instrumentation and Sampling Methods 38
1 -Instrumentation 38
2 -Sampling Methods for IR Spectroscopy 43
3 -Quantitative Analysis 55
References 65
Chapter 4 - Environmental Dependence of Vibrational Spectra 66
1 -Solid, Liquid, Gaseous States 66
2 -Hydrogen Bonding 68
3 -Fermi Resonance 71
References 73
Chapter 5 - Origin of Group Frequencies 74
1 -Coupled Oscillators 74
References 83
Chapter 6 - IR and Raman Spectra-Structure Correlations: Characteristic Group Frequencies 84
1 -X–H stretching group (X=O, S, P, N, Si, B) 84
2 -Aliphatic groups 85
3 -Conjugated aliphatics and aromatics 90
4 -Carbonyl groups 110
5 -C–O and C–N Stretches 114
6 -N=O and other Nitrogen containing compounds 116
7 -C-Halogen and C–S Containing compounds 119
8 -S=O, P=O, B–O/B–N and Si–O compounds 121
9 -Inorganics 123
References 126
Chapter 7 - General Outline and Strategies for IR and Raman Spectral Interpretation 128
1 -Tools of the trade 128
2 -IR Sample preparation issues 130
3 -Overview of spectral interpretation 132
4 -Interpretation guidelines and major spectra–structure correlations 135
Chapter 8 -Illustrated IR and Raman Spectra Demonstrating Important Functional Groups 146
1 -Aliphatic 146
2 -C=C Double bonds 146
3 -Triple bonds 146
4 -Aromatic rings 147
5 -Ketones, esters, and anhydrides 147
6 -Amides, ureas, and related compounds 147
7 -Alcohols 148
8 -Ethers 148
9 -Amines and amine salts 148
10 -C=N Compounds 148
11 -N=O Compounds 148
12 -Azo Compound 149
13 -Boronic acid compound 149
14 -Chlorine, bromine, and fluorine compounds 149
15 -Sulfur compounds 149
16 -Phosphorus compounds 149
17 -Siloxane Compounds 149
18 -Inorganic compounds 150
19 -Polymers and biopolymers 150
Chapter 9 - Unknown IR and Raman Spectra 188
Appendix -IR Correlation Charts 224
Index 228

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 13.7.2011
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Analytische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Physikalische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 0-12-387018-6 / 0123870186
• ISBN-13: 978-0-12-387018-6 / 9780123870186