Lynne Talley is a Professor of Oceanography at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California San Diego. Lynne is a seagoing oceanographer with research interests in the water mass distributions and circulation of the world ocean. She is a graduate of Oberlin College (B.A. in physics) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution/Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program (Ph.D. in physical oceanography). She has been an editor of the Journal of Physical Oceanography and has served on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (AR4 and AR5), many committees of the National Academy of Sciences, and planning and steering committees for major field programs, including the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) of the 1990s and the U.S. Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program. She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Geophysical Union, the Oceanography Society, and the American Meteorological Society.
Descriptive Physical Oceanography, Sixth Edition, provides an introduction to the field with an emphasis on large-scale oceanography based mainly on observations. Topics covered include the physical properties of seawater, heat and salt budgets, instrumentation, data analysis methods, introductory dynamics, oceanography and climate variability of each of the oceans and of the global ocean, and brief introductions to the physical setting, waves, and coastal oceanography. This updated version contains ocean basin descriptions, including ocean climate variability, emphasizing dynamical context; new chapters on global ocean circulation and introductory ocean dynamics; and a new companion website containing PowerPoint figures, lecture and study guides, and practical exercises for analyzing a global ocean data set using Java OceanAtlas. This text is ideal for undergraduates and graduate students in marine sciences and oceanography. - Expanded ocean basin descriptions, including ocean climate variability, emphasizing dynamical context- New chapters on global ocean circulation and introductory ocean dynamics- Companion website containing PowerPoint figures, supplemental chapters, and practical exercises for analyzing a global ocean data set using Java OceanAtlas
Front Cover 1
Descriptive Physical Oceanography:An Introduction 4
Copyright 5
Contents 6
Preface 8
Chapter 1 -Introduction to Descriptive Physical Oceanography 10
1.1 -Overview 11
1.2 -Space and TimeScales of Physical Oceanographic Phenomena 12
Chapter 2 -Ocean Dimensions, Shapes, and Bottom Materials 16
2.1 -Dimensions 16
2.2 -Plate Tectonics and Deep-Sea Topography 18
2.3 -Seafloor Features 23
2.4 -Spatial Scales 23
2.5 -Shore, Coast, and Beach 24
2.6 -Continental Shelf, Slope, and Rise 26
2.7 -Deep Ocean 26
2.8 -Sills, Straits, and Passages 28
2.9 -Methods for Mapping Bottom Topography 28
2.10 -Bottom Material 29
2.11 -Ocean Basins 30
Chapter 3 -Physical Properties of Seawater 38
3.1 -Molecular Properties of Water 38
3.2 -Pressure 39
3.3 -Thermal Properties of Seawater: Temperature, Heat, and Potential Temperature 41
3.4 -Salinity and Conductivity 43
3.5 -Density of Seawater 46
3.6 -Tracers 55
3.7 -Sound in the Sea 58
3.8 -Light and the Sea 63
3.9 -Ice in the Sea 69
Chapter 4 -Typical Distributions of Water Characteristics 76
4.1 -Introduction 76
4.2 -Temperature Distribution of the Oceans 78
4.3 -Salinity Distribution 92
4.4 -Density Distribution 101
4.5 -Dissolved Oxygen 107
4.6 -Nutrients and Other Tracers 108
4.7 -Age, Turnover Time, and Ventilation Rate 111
4.8 -Optical Properties of Seawater 115
Chapter 5 -Mass, Salt, and Heat Budgets and Wind Forcing 120
5.1 -Conservation of Volume and Mass 120
5.2 -Conservation of Salt 124
5.3 -Three Examples of the two Conservation Principles 126
5.4 -Conservation of Heat Energy the Heat Budget
5.5 -Geographic Distribution and Temporal Variation of the Heat-Budget Terms 142
5.6 -Meridional Heat Transport 147
5.7 -Buoyancy Fluxes 149
5.8 -Wind Forcing 151
Chapter 6 -Data Analysis Concepts and Observational Methods 156
6.1 -Oceanographic Sampling 158
6.2 -Observational Error 159
6.3 -Basic Statistical Concepts 160
6.4 -Variation in Space: Profiles, Vertical Sections, and Horizontal Maps 169
6.5 -Variation in Time 174
6.6 -Multidimensional Sampling 182
6.7 -Water Property (Water Mass) Analyses 188
Glossary 194
Chapter 7 -Dynamical Processes for Descriptive Ocean Circulation 196
7.1 -Introduction: Mechanisms 196
7.2 -Momentum Balance 197
7.3 -Temperature, Salinity, and Density Evolution 201
7.4 -Mixing Layers 203
7.5 -Response to Wind Forcing 205
7.6 -Geostrophic Balance 209
7.7 -Vorticity, Potential Vorticity, Rossby and Kelvin Waves, and Instabilities 216
7.8 -Wind-Driven Circulation: Sverdrup Balance and Western Boundary Currents 220
7.9 -Wind-Driven Circulation: Eastern Boundary Currents and Equatorial Circulation 225
7.10 -Buoyancy (Thermohaline) Forcing and Abyssal Circulation 227
Chapter 8 -Gravity Waves, Tides, and Coastal Oceanography 232
8.1 -Introduction 232
8.2 -General Properties of Waves 232
8.3 -Surface Gravity Waves 233
8.4 -Internal Gravity Waves 241
8.5 -Large-Scale Continental Shelf and Coastal-Trapped Waves 246
8.6 -Tides 246
8.7 -Water Properties in Coastal Regions: River Runoff 252
8.8 -Estuaries 252
8.9 -Coral Reefs 253
8.10 -Adjacent Seas 253
Chapter 9 -Atlantic Ocean 254
9.1 -Introduction and Overview 254
9.2 -Forcing 258
9.3 -North Atlantic Circulation 259
9.4 -Tropical Atlantic Circulation 272
9.5 -South Atlantic Circulation 277
9.6 -Depth Dependence of the Atlantic Ocean Circulation 282
9.7 -Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Atlantic 289
9.8 -Atlantic Ocean Water Masses 290
9.9 -Climate and the Atlantic Ocean 310
Chapter 10 -Pacific Ocean 312
10.1 -Introduction and Overview 312
10.2 -Wind and Buoyancy Forcing 315
10.3 -North Pacific Circulation 316
10.4 -South Pacific Circulation 331
10.5 -Pacific Ocean Mesoscale Eddy Variability 336
10.6 -Depth Dependence of the Pacific Ocean Circulation and Meridional Overturn 337
10.7 -Tropical Pacific Circulation and Water Properties 341
10.8 -El Niño/ La Niña and The Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 355
10.9 -Pacific Ocean Water Masses 359
10.10 -Decadal Climate Variability and Climate Change 371
Chapter 11 -Indian Ocean 372
11.1 -Introduction and Overview 372
11.2 -Wind and Buoyancy Forcing 374
11.3 -Monsoonal and Tropical Ocean Circulation 376
11.4 -South Indian Ocean Subtropical Circulation 379
11.5 -Indonesian Throughflow 388
11.6 -Red Sea and Persian Gulf Outflows 390
11.7 -Intermediate and Deep Circulation 393
11.8 -Water Masses 396
11.9 -Climate and the Indian Ocean 408
Chapter 12 -Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas 410
12.1 -Introduction 410
12.2 -The Nordic Seas 411
12.3 -Baffin Bay and Hudson Bay 419
12.4 -Arctic Ocean: Circulation and Ice Drift 421
12.5 -Arctic Ocean Water Masses 426
12.6 -Arctic Ocean Transports and Budgets 437
12.7 -Sea Ice in the Arctic 439
12.8 -Climate Variations and the Arctic 444
Chapter 13 -Southern Ocean 446
13.1 -Introduction 446
13.2 -Forcing 448
13.3 -Southern Ocean Fronts and Zones 450
13.4 -Southern Ocean Circulation and Transports 458
13.5 -Southern Ocean Water Masses 464
13.6 -Eddies in the Southern Ocean 475
13.7 -Sea Ice in the Southern Ocean 477
13.8 -Climate Variability in the Southern Ocean 479
Chapter 14 -Global Circulation and Water Properties 482
14.1 -Global Circulation 483
14.2 -Global Mass Transports and Overturning Circulation 489
14.3 -Heat and Freshwater Transports and Ocean Circulation 500
14.4 -Global Property Distributions 503
14.5 -Eddy Variability and Diffusivity 510
14.6 -Climate and the Global Ocean 519
References 522
Index 554
Color Plates 566
Erscheint lt. Verlag | 11.4.2011 |
---|---|
Sprache | englisch |
Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Hydrologie / Ozeanografie |
Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie | |
Technik | |
ISBN-10 | 0-08-093911-2 / 0080939112 |
ISBN-13 | 978-0-08-093911-7 / 9780080939117 |
Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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