Bioethics with Liberty and Justice (eBook)

Themes in the Work of Joseph M. Boyle

Christopher Tollefsen (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2011 | 2011
IX, 261 Seiten
Springer Netherland (Verlag)
978-90-481-9791-0 (ISBN)

Infos

Joseph M. Boyle Jr. has been a major contributor to the development of Catholic bioethics over the past thirty five years. Boyle's contribution has had an impact on philosophers, theologians, and medical practitioners, and his work has in many ways come to be synonymous with analytically rigorous philosophical bioethics done in the Catholic intellectual tradition. Four main themes stand out as central to Boyle's contribution: the sanctity of life and bioethics: Boyle has elaborated a view of the ethics of killing at odds with central tenets of the euthanasia mentality, double effect and bioethics: Boyle is among the pre-eminent defenders of a role for double effect in medical decision making and morality, the right to health care: Boyle has moved beyond the rhetoric of social justice to provide a natural law grounding for a political right to health care; and the role of natural law and the natural law tradition in bioethics: Boyle's arguments have been grounded in a particularly fruitful approach to natural law ethics, the so-called New Natural Law theory. The contributors to BIOETHICS WITH LIBERTY AND JUSTICE: THEMES IN THE WORK OF JOSEPH M. BOYLE discuss, criticize, and in many cases extend the Boyle's advances in these areas with rigor and sophistication. It will be of interest to Catholic and philosophical bioethicists alike.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 7
Contributors 9
Part I The Substantial Identity Thesis 10
1 Why Abortion is Seriously Wrong: Two Views 11
1.1 The Future of Value Account 11
1.2 The Substantial Identity Account 13
1.3 The Moral Significance of the Basic, Natural Capacity to Exhibit Rational Agency 20
1.4 Some Flies in the Ointment 22
1.5 The Minor Premise of BLG 22
1.6 A Possible Defense of the Substantial Identity View 24
1.7 Summary and Conclusion 27
Notes 29
References 29
2 Substantial Identity, Rational Nature, and the Right to Life 31
2.1 The Substantial Identity View 31
2.2 Contrast with Singers View 32
2.3 Properties, Continuity, and Arbitrariness in Selecting the Basis for Being a Subject of Rights 33
2.4 Equality and Threshold Properties 36
2.5 Biological Life and the Criterion for Basic Rights 39
2.6 Persons in Persistent Vegetative State, and Anencephalic Infants 42
Notes 43
References 47
Part II Moral and Legal Issues at the Beginning and Ending of Life 49
3 Embryo Ethics: Justice and Nascent Human Life 50
3.1 Introduction 50
3.2 Framework of the Discussion 51
3.3 What the Human Embryo Is 51
3.4 Are All Human Beings Owed Full Moral Respect? 52
3.5 Defining Capacities 53
3.6 Somatic Cells and Embryos 54
3.7 The Brain Death Argument 55
3.8 Acorns and Embryos 56
3.9 The Problem of Twinning 57
3.10 Conclusion 59
Notes 60
References 63
4 Compassion and the Personalism of American Jurisprudence: Bioethical Entailments 66
4.1 In Vitro Fertilization 67
4.2 The Bioethics of Euthanasia 71
4.3 Personalism and the Falsity of Instrumentalist Bioethics 72
Notes 76
References 80
5 The Significance of the Ultimate End for the Feeding ofINTtie PVS Patients: A Reply to Kevin Ox2019
5.1 O'Rourkes View of the Ultimate End and How It Should Shape Action 83
5.1.1 St. Thomas on Pursuit of the Ultimate End 83
5.1.2 St. Thomas on the Beatific Vision as the True Ultimate End 84
5.1.3 O'Rourke's View of How the Ultimate End Should Shape Action and Its Significance for the Feeding of PVS Patients 86
5.2 Critique of ORourkes View of the Ultimate End and How It Should Shape Action 87
5.2.1 Do We Necessarily Seek Absolutely Perfect Fulfillment? 87
5.2.2 Must the Acting Person Have a Single Ultimate End? 89
5.2.3 Is the Beatific Vision Alone the True Ultimate End? 90
5.2.4 Critique of O'Rourke's View of How the Ultimate End Should Shape Action and Its Significance for the Feeding of PVS Patients 91
5.3 An Alternative Understanding of the Ultimate End and How It Should Shape Action 94
5.4 Application of the Alternative View to the Problem of Feeding PVS Patients 95
Notes 98
References 99
Part III Double Effect and Bioethics 101
6 Praeter Intentionem in Aquinas and Issues in Bioethics 102
6.1 Both Ends and Means Intended? 103
6.2 Praeter Intentionem as Including Inevitably Foreseen Side-Effects? 108
Notes 113
References 115
7 The Action-Omission and Double Effect Distinctions 117
7.1 The Two Distinctions, and How to Argue for Them 117
7.2 Spelling Out the Simple Strategy: (14) 118
7.3 Spelling Out the Simple Strategy: (5), (6), (9), and AOD 121
7.4 Spelling Out the Simple Strategy: (7), (8), (9), and PDE 131
7.5 Trolley, Transplant, and Demandingness 137
Notes 141
References 144
Part IV Bioethics and the Natural Law: Challenges 146
8 Global Bioethics and Natural Law 147
8.1 Natural Law as a Framework for Global Bioethics 147
8.2 The (Im)Plausibility of Natural Law as a Framework for Global Bioethics 150
8.2.1 Reason as the Source of Moral Knowledge 150
8.2.2 Evidence of Shared Rational Norms 155
8.2.3 The Significance of Vacuous Norms 157
8.2.4 Use of State Authority to Enforce a Universal Morality 160
8.3 Conclusion 161
Notes 162
References 162
9 Guided Autonomy and Good Friend Physicians 165
Notes 181
References 182
Part V The Right to Health Care 184
10 Social Justice, Charity and Tax Evasion: A Critical Inquiry 185
10.1 IntroductionThe Welfare Entitlement Claim 185
10.2 Initial Considerations 186
10.3 A Natural Law Argument for the Legitimacy of the Welfare State 187
10.3.1 Step 1: Individual Duties to Others and the Creation of Welfare Rights 187
10.3.2 Step 2: The Move from an Individual Obligation to a Social Obligation 188
10.3.3 Step 3: The Move from a Social Obligation to Coercive Political Authority 189
10.4 Analysis 190
10.4.1 Assumption 1: What Does it Mean to Have a Right? 190
10.4.2 Assumption 2: Do Welfare Needs Create Welfare Entitlement Rights? 192
10.4.3 Assumption 3: What is the Goal of Charity? 195
10.5 ConclusionCharity as Spiritual Therapy 198
Notes 200
References 202
11 Natural Law, Property, and Welfare Rights 205
11.1 Property Rights and the Common Good in Aquinas 207
11.2 Private Property and the Order of Charity 212
11.3 Assisting the Needy in the Modern World: Moral Duties and Political Rights 214
11.4 Public Provision and Private Virtue 216
Notes 217
References 218
12 Health Care Technology and Justice 220
12.1 The Need for Health Care 220
12.2 Schemes for Meeting the Need 223
12.3 The Shortcomings of Existing Schemes 225
12.4 Injustices Peculiar to the United States 228
12.5 Towards a Just Health Care Scheme 230
References 238
Part VI Boyle Responds 239
13 An Appreciative Response 240
13.1 The Substantial Identity Account and Its Implications 241
13.2 The Nature and Importance of Double Effect 243
13.3 Natural Law and Welfare Rights 247
13.4 Natural Law in Theory and Practice 250
Notes 254
References 254
Index 256

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 2.2.2011
• Reihe/Serie: Philosophy and Medicine
• Reihe/Serie: Philosophy and Medicine
• Zusatzinfo: IX, 261 p.
• Verlagsort: Dordrecht
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Philosophie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Philosophie ► Ethik
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Religion / Theologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Medizinethik
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Geschichte / Ethik der Medizin
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Prävention / Gesundheitsförderung
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Soziologie
• Schlagworte: Abortion • Bioethics • catholic bioethics • euthanasia • Joseph M. Boyle • new natural law theory • right to health care • stem cell research
• ISBN-10: 90-481-9791-0 / 9048197910
• ISBN-13: 978-90-481-9791-0 / 9789048197910