Multicomponent Interfacial Transport (eBook)

Described by the Square Gradient Model during Evaporation and Condensation

Kirill Glavatskiy (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2011 | 2011
XVIII, 174 Seiten
Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Verlag)
978-3-642-15266-5 (ISBN)

Infos

A thermodynamically consistent description of the transport across interfaces in mixtures has for a long time been an open issue. This research clarifies that the interface between a liquid and a vapor in a mixture is in local equilibrium during evaporation and condensation. It implies that the thermodynamics developed for interfaces by Gibbs can be applied also away from equilibrium, which is typically the case in reality. A description of phase transitions is of great importance for the understanding of both natural and industrial processes. For example, it is relevant for the understanding of the increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, or improvements of efficiency in distillation columns. This excellent work of luminescent scientific novelty has brought this area a significant step forward. The systematic documentation of the approach will facilitate further applications of the theoretical framework to important problems.

Inhalt

Supervisor's Foreword 9
Acknowledgments 11
Contents 12
Introduction 16
1.1 Summary 16
1.2 Motivation and Scope 17
1.3 Structure of the Thesis 21
1.4 Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics of a Surface 24
References 28
Equilibrium Square Gradient Model 31
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 The Gradient Model 32
2.3 Gradient Model for the Mass Specific Variables 34
2.4 Gradient Model for the Densities (Per Unit of Volume) 40
2.5 Gradient Coefficients 43
2.6 Discussion and Conclusions 44
2.A On the Ambiguity in the Specific Quantities 46
2.B Interfacial Pressure 47
References 49
Non-Equilibrium Continuous Description 50
3.1 Introduction 50
3.2 The Square Gradient Model 52
3.3 The Gibbs Relation 53
3.4 Homogeneous Thermodynamics of One-Fluid Mixture 54
3.5 Hydrodynamics of One-Fluid Mixture 58
3.6 Two-Dimensional Isotropy of the Surface 60
3.7 The Entropy Production 62
3.8 The Phenomenological Equations 64
3.9 Discussion and Conclusions 67
3.A On the Extension of the Gibbs Relation to Non- Equilibrium 68
3.B Two-Dimensional Isotropic Components in the 3D Tensorial Quantities 69
References 72
Numerical Solution for the Binary Mixture 74
4.1 Introduction 74
4.2 Complete Set of Equations 75
4.3 Solution Procedure 80
4.4 Data Input 85
4.5 Results 86
4.6 Conclusions 96
References 97
Local Equilibrium of the Gibbs Surface for the Two- Phase Binary Mixture 98
5.1 Introduction 98
5.2 Equilibrium Gibbs Surface 99
5.3 Calculating the Excess Densities 100
5.4 Surface Temperature and Chemical Potential Difference 102
5.5 Defining Local Equilibrium of a Surface 104
5.6 Verification of Local Equilibrium 108
5.7 Discussion and Conclusions 115
5.8 ExcessesÌ Errors 116
References 120
From Continuous to Discontinuous Description 122
6.1 Introduction 122
6.2 Local Entropy Production 124
6.3 Excesses in Three-Dimensional Space 126
6.4 Excess Entropy Production 129
6.5 Surface Transfer Coefficients 130
6.6 Conclusions 135
6.A On the Definition of an Excess Quantity 135
6.B Excess of a Gradient Function in Curvilinear Coordinates 136
References 137
Surface Transfer Coefficients for the Binary Mixture 139
7.1 Introduction 139
7.2 Two Component Mixture 139
7.3 Methods to Obtain Resistances 141
7.4 Results 144
7.5 Discussion and Conclusions 152
References 153
Integral Relations for the Surface Transfer Coefficients 155
8.1 Introduction 155
8.2 The Entropy Production 156
8.3 Integral Relations 158
8.4 Measurable Heat Fluxes 160
8.5 Results for the Two Component Mixture 163
8.6 Discussion and Conclusions 166
8.A Local Resistivities 167
Reference 170
Conclusions and Perspectives 171
9.1 This Thesis 171
9.2 Perspectives 175
References 177
Appendix A 178
Symbols List and Notation Convention 178
Index 181

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 18.1.2011
• Reihe/Serie: Springer Theses
• Reihe/Serie: Springer Theses
• Zusatzinfo: XVIII, 174 p.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Physikalische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Analytical description of the interface/surface • evaporation and condensation • Heat and mass transport through the interface/surface • Non-equilibrium Gibbs surface • non-equilibrium thermodynamics • Phase separation at the interface/surface
• ISBN-10: 3-642-15266-X / 364215266X
• ISBN-13: 978-3-642-15266-5 / 9783642152665