Advances in Earth Observation of Global Change (eBook)

Emilio Chuvieco, Jonathan Li, Xiaojun Yang (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2010 | 2010
XIII, 283 Seiten
Springer Netherlands (Verlag)
978-90-481-9085-0 (ISBN)

Infos

Global Change studies are increasingly being considered a vital source of information to understand the Earth Environment, in particular in the framework of human-induced climate change and land use transformation. Satellite Earth Observing systems provide a unique tool to monitor those changes. While the range of applications and innovative techniques is constantly increasing, this book provides a summary of key case studies where satellite data offer critical information to understand the causes and effects of those environmental changes, minimizing their negative impacts. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of remote sensing, geographical information, meteorology and environmental sciences. Also scientists and graduate up to post-graduate level students in environmental science will find valuable information in this book.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 7
Contributors 9
1 The Role of Small Satellite Missions in Global Change Studies 14
1.1 Introduction 15
1.2 Small Satellite Missions: Facts and Trends 16
1.2.1 General Facts 17
1.2.2 Trends 18
1.3 Resolution Requirements for Space Borne Remote Sensing 18
1.4 Resolution Capabilities of Small Satellite Systems 21
1.4.1 Spatial Resolution 21
1.4.2 Spectral Resolution 21
1.4.3 Temporal Resolution 22
1.5 Status of Small Satellites 22
1.6 Constellations 23
1.6.1 Disaster Monitoring Constellation DMC-1 25
DEIMOS-1 25
1.6.2 RapidEye 26
1.7 Conclusion 27
References 28
2 Spatial Pattern Analysis of Water-Driven Land Cover Change in Aridzone, Northwest of China 29
2.1 Introduction 30
2.2 Methodology 31
2.2.1 Study Area and Data 31
2.2.2 Image Classification 32
2.2.3 Establishment of Land Cover Change Trajectories 32
2.2.4 Spatial Pattern Analysis 32
2.3 Results and Analysis 33
2.3.1 Classification and Area Statistics 33
2.3.2 Trajectories of Farmland Change 34
2.3.3 Impacts of Water Supply on Farmland Changes 35
2.4 Discussion 36
2.5 Conclusions 36
References 37
3 A Spatial Logistic Regression Model for Simulating Land Use Patterns: A Case Study of the Shiraz Metropolitan Area of Iran 39
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Methodology 41
3.2.1 Data Preparation 42
3.2.2 Simulation Process 42
3.2.3 Model Evaluation 43
3.2.4 Prediction 43
3.3 Parameterization of SLR for Shiraz Metropolitan Area 44
3.3.1 Study Area and Data Sources 44
3.3.2 Implementing the SLR 44
3.3.2.1 Absorbing Excursion Spaces 46
3.3.2.2 Transportation 46
3.3.2.3 Landscape Feature 46
3.4 Results and Discussions 46
3.4.1 Model Coefficients 48
3.4.2 Model Evaluation 49
3.4.3 Forecasting 50
3.5 Conclusions 52
References 53
4 Abu Dhabi Island: Analysis of Development and Vegetation Change Using Remote Sensing (19722000) 55
4.1 Introduction 56
4.2 Data 56
4.3 Methodology 57
4.3.1 Feature Identification and Selection 57
4.3.2 Classification 58
4.4 Results 59
4.5 Discussion 63
4.6 Conclusions 64
References 64
5 Remote Sensing of Coastal Water Quality in the Baltic Sea Using MERIS 66
5.1 Introduction 66
5.2 Characteristics of Optically Complex Waters 67
5.3 Physics of the Problem 68
5.4 Mathematical View 69
5.5 Atmospheric Correction 70
5.6 Principal Component Inversion 72
5.7 Monitoring of Water Quality 75
5.8 Conclusions 77
References 77
6 Remote Sensing for Water Quality Monitoring in Apalachicola Bay, USA 79
6.1 Introduction 79
6.2 Water Quality Indicators for Coastal and Estuarine Ecosystems 81
6.3 Remote Sensing for Estuarine Water Quality Monitoring 82
6.3.1 TSS Monitoring 82
6.3.2 Chlorophyll-a Monitoring 83
6.4 Remote Sensing of Water Quality in Apalachicola Bay 84
6.4.1 Estimating TSS Concentrations 84
6.4.2 Estimating Chlorophyll-a Concentrations 85
6.5 Summary 87
References 87
7 Extracting Cryospheric Information over Lowlands from L-Band Polarimetric SAR Data 89
7.1 Introduction 89
7.2 Polarimetric Studies over Snow-Covered Agricultural Fields 90
7.2.1 Data 90
7.2.2 Qualitative Polarimetric Analysis 92
7.3 State of the Cryosphere by Means of Statistical Learning Method 94
7.3.1 SVM Background 94
7.3.2 Methodology 96
7.3.3 Results 97
7.4 Quantitative Assessments 98
7.4.1 Bare Soil Characterization 99
7.4.2 Electromagnetic Backscattering Modeling for Snow-Covered Frozen Ground 100
7.4.3 Toward the Estimation of Residual Liquid Water Content in Frozen Ground 102
7.5 Conclusions 103
References 104
8 Variability of Northern Hemisphere Spring Snowmelt Dates Using the AVHRR Polar Pathfinder Snow Cover During 19822004 106
8.1 Introduction 106
8.2 Data and Methods 108
8.3 Results 109
8.3.1 Interannual Variability in Smtd 109
8.3.2 Atmospheric Circulations Drive Large-Scale Interannual Variability in Smtd 112
8.3.3 Snow Temperature Sensitivity Regions (TSRs) 115
8.4 Summary and Discussions 116
References 118
9 MODIS Snow Monitoring Over the Tibetan Plateau 120
9.1 Introduction 121
9.2 Data 122
9.2.1 MODIS Snow Mapping 122
9.2.2 GTOPO30 DEM Data 124
9.3 Seasonal Variations of Snowpack Over the Tibetan Plateau 124
9.3.1 Snow Distribution and Annual Cycle 124
9.3.2 Terrain Characteristics of Snow Cover Distribution 127
9.3.3 Snow Ablation 130
9.3.4 Interannual Variability and Linear Trend 131
9.4 Discussion and Conclusion 132
References 133
10 The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS):Detecting the Fingerprints of Global Changein Geodetic Quantities 134
10.1 Introduction 135
10.2 Geodesys Contribution to Earth Observation 137
10.2.1 The Global Geodetic Reference Frames 138
10.2.2 Role of Geodetic Observations for Science 138
10.3 GGOS: A Multi-technique, Multi-layered Yet Integrated System 139
10.3.1 A Value-Chain from Observations to Applications 139
10.3.2 A System-of-Systems 140
10.3.3 A Multi-layered System 142
10.3.4 Integration Through Multiple Links 142
10.3.5 An Integrated System Sensing Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Solid Earth 143
10.4 Global Change Results 144
10.5 Future Developments 150
References 151
11 Monitoring Radial Tectonic Motions of Continental Borders Around the Atlantic Ocean and Regional Sea Level Changes by Space Geodetic Observations 153
11.1 Introduction 153
11.2 Methodology 155
11.3 Results 157
11.4 Sea Level Rise 159
11.5 Conclusion and Discussion 161
References 163
12 GNSS Activities for Natural Disaster Monitoring and Climate Change Detection at GFZ An Overview 166
12.1 Introduction 166
12.2 GNSS Sensor Station Developments 167
12.3 GNSS-Based Component for Tsunami Early Warning Systems 169
12.4 GNSS Reflectometry 170
12.5 GNSS Seismology 172
12.6 GNSS Atmospheric Sounding 174
12.6.1 Ground-Based GNSS Meteorology 174
12.6.2 Spaced-Based Atmosphere Sounding 176
12.7 Summary 177
References 177
13 Satellite Imagery for Landslide Mapping in an Earthquake-Struck Area 179
13.1 Introduction 179
13.2 Study Area 181
13.3 Research Methodology 183
13.3.1 Data Acquisition and Collection 184
13.3.2 Image Preprocessing 185
13.3.3 Image Transformation 186
13.3.4 Change Detection 187
13.3.5 Thematic Accuracy Assessment 188
13.4 Results 189
13.5 Conclusions 189
References 190
14 Relations Between Human Factors and Global Fire Activity 193
14.1 Introduction 193
14.2 Methods 194
14.2.1 Active Fire Database 194
14.2.2 Explanatory Variables: Generation of GIS Database 195
14.2.3 Statistical Analysis of Input Data 196
14.3 Results 197
14.3.1 Spatial Patterns of Fire Indices 197
14.3.2 Relations with AFD 198
14.3.3 Relations with SDAFD 199
14.3.4 Relations with LFP 202
14.4 Discussion 202
References 204
15 The Use of Remote Sensing Data and Meteorological Information for Food Security Monitoring, Examples in East Africa 206
15.1 Introduction 206
15.2 Region of Interest 207
15.3 Meteorological and Remote Sensing Data 207
15.3.1 Rainfall 207
15.3.2 Vegetation Condition 208
15.4 The Models 209
15.5 The Bulletins 210
15.6 Some Important Parameters 215
15.6.1 Agriculture -- Crop Mask 215
15.6.2 Crop Phenology 216
15.6.3 National Agriculture Statistics 216
15.7 Field Assessment 218
15.8 Data Dissemination 219
15.9 Research and Development 220
References 220
16 Application of an Early Warning System for Floods 222
16.1 Introduction 223
16.2 The Structure of the Project 224
16.2.1 Data 224
16.2.2 Pre-elaboration 225
16.3 Analysis of Historical Data 226
16.3.1 Hydrological Analysis 227
16.3.2 Automatic Calculation of Some Drainage Basin Parameters 229
16.4 Real Time System 232
16.4.1 Correction Factor Algorithm and Data Correction in Real Time 232
16.4.2 Detection of Critical Rainfalls in Real Time with Grid Computing System 237
16.4.3 Results and Conclusion 238
References 241
17 L-Band and C-Band Combined Interferometric Monitoring of the Wenchuan Earthquake 243
17.1 Introduction 243
17.2 Methodology 246
17.2.1 Two-Pass DInSAR Approach 246
17.2.2 Estimation of Horizontal and Vertical Components 248
17.3 DInSAR Results 249
17.3.1 PALSAR 249
17.3.2 ASAR 250
17.4 Combined Observation 252
17.5 Validation 252
17.6 Conclusion 255
References 256
18 Uncovering the SpaceTime Patterns of Change with the Use of Change Analyst Case Study of Hong Kong 258
18.1 Introduction 258
18.2 Land Use Change Modeling 259
18.3 Study Area 260
18.4 Methodology 261
18.4.1 Logistic Regression 261
18.4.2 Spatial Sampling 262
18.4.3 GIS-Based Predictor Variables 263
18.4.4 Data Compilation 263
18.5 Results and Discussion 265
18.5.1 Logistic Regression Results 265
18.5.2 Evaluation of the Model 267
18.5.3 Prediction Results 267
18.6 Discussion 269
18.7 Conclusion 269
References 270
19 Change Detection of Sea Ice Distribution in SAR Imagery Using Semi-variogram of Intrinsic Regionalization Model 272
19.1 Introduction 272
19.2 Intrinsic Model Based on Bigamma and Mosaic Random Functions 273
19.2.1 Intrinsic Model 273
19.2.2 Bigamma Random Function 274
19.2.3 Poisson Tessellation Based Mosaic Random Function 276
19.3 Parameter Estimation for the Mixture Model 277
19.3.1 Experimental Semi-variogram 277
19.3.2 Theory Semi-variogram 278
19.3.3 Parameter Estimation by Least-Squares Adjustment 278
19.4 Experimental Results 278
19.5 Conclusions 282
References 282
Index 284

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 4.8.2010
• Zusatzinfo: XIII, 283 p.
• Verlagsort: Dordrecht
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geografie / Kartografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Meteorologie / Klimatologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: AVHRR • Change detection • climate change • Earth observation • Earth Observing System • Economic geology • Environmental change • geographic information systems • Geoinformationssysteme • global change • Remote Sensing • Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry • Remove sensing • Vegetation
• ISBN-10: 90-481-9085-1 / 9048190851
• ISBN-13: 978-90-481-9085-0 / 9789048190850