Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (eBook)

eBook Download: PDF

2005 | 2005
X, 178 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-27109-3 (ISBN)

Infos

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has been recognized in printed records dating from the sixteenth century, and since the eradication of rinderpest (cattle plague) in the early part of the twentieth century it has been rec- nized as the most important and feared disease of cattle and other dom- tic livestock. The beginning of the twenty-first century brought the worst outbreak of FMD ever experienced in England, which had been completely free of the disease for 33 years. This tragic epidemic, which spread to Northern Ireland, Scotland, France and the Netherlands with severe e- nomic consequences, emphasized the need for further research into better methods for the detection and control of the disease. FMD is caused by a small RNA virus which is highly contagious and can survive in meat and other animal products for long periods at normal pH levels. The virus typically infects cloven-hoofed animals, including c- tle, goats, pigs and sheep, as well as a wide range of non-domesticated a- mals in regions of the world where FMD virus is endemic, such as the Af- can continent. There are seven recognized serotypes of FMD virus, with numerous subtypes, and as a consequence vaccine production and administration is complex and a major debate surrounds every disease outbreak regarding the relative merits of vaccination as opposed to the slaughter of all infected animals.

Inhalt

Preface 5
List of Contents 7
List of Contributors 8
Introduction and History of Foot- and- Mouth Disease Virus 9
1 Introduction 10
2 The Virus 11
3 Serotypes 11
4 Genotypes 12
5 The World Reference Laboratory 12
6 Transmission and Spread of FMDV 13
7 Other Viruses Causing Vesicular Lesions 14
8 Vaccination 14
References 15
Foot-and-Mouth Disease: Host Range and Pathogenesis 17
1 Introduction 17
2 Host Range 18
3 Clinical Signs of the Disease and Pathogenesis 25
4 Conclusions 41
References 41
Translation and Replication of FMDV RNA 51
1 Introduction 52
2 Structure and Function of FMDV RNA 53
3 Features of the 50- UTR 53
4 Selection of Initiation Sites of Translation on FMDV RNA 59
5 Protein Interactions with the FMDV IRES 60
6 The Virus-Encoded Polyprotein 62
7 Structure and Function of the FMDV 30- UTR 69
8 Interaction Between Translation and Replication—Some Speculation 70
References 71
The Structure of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 79
1 Introduction 80
2 Structural Overview 86
3 Capsid Stability and Permeability 87
4 Genome Penetration 89
5 Immunogenicity/Receptor Binding 89
6 Receptor Interactions 92
7 Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycan Receptors 93
8 The Structural Basis of Heparan Sulphate Recognition 94
9 Integrin Receptors 96
10 Virus-Integrin Complexes 97
11 Non-structural Proteins 97
12 Capsid Assembly 100
13 Concluding Remarks 101
References 102
Natural and Vaccine Induced Immunity to FMD 110
1 Natural Immunity 111
2 Vaccine-Induced Immunity 119
References 134
Global Epidemiology and Prospects for Control of Foot- and- Mouth Disease 139
1 Introduction 139
2 Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease 140
3 Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 141
4 Serotype O 144
5 Serotype A 146
6 Serotype C 147
7 Serotype ASIA 1 147
8 SAT Serotypes 148
9 Prospects for Control 149
10 Vaccination 149
11 Conclusion 152
References 152
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Evolution: Exploring Pathways Towards Virus Extinction 155
1 Introduction: Concepts in RNA Virus Evolution 156
2 Accumulation of Deleterious Mutations: Rate, Mode, Mechanisms 160
3 Resistance to Extinction Despite Accumulation of Mutations: Observations and Modeling 164
4 Lethal Mutagenesis or the Transition into Error Catastrophe: A Pathway Towards Virus Extinction 168
5 Advantages and Limitations of Error Catastrophe as an Antiviral Strategy 172
6 Conclusions and Prospects 173
References 174
Subject Index 180

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 28.10.2005
• Reihe/Serie: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
• Reihe/Serie: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
• Mitarbeit: Gast Herausgeber: B. W. J. Mahy
• Zusatzinfo: X, 178 p. 17 illus., 11 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Aphthovirus • Equine Rhinitis • pathogenesis • Picornaviridae • RNA • RNA virus • Vaccine • Virus
• ISBN-10: 3-540-27109-0 / 3540271090
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-27109-3 / 9783540271093