Experimental Rock Deformation - The Brittle Field (eBook)

M.S. Paterson, Teng-fong Wong (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2005 | 2nd completely rev. and updated ed. 2005
X, 348 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-26339-5 (ISBN)

Infos

This monograph deals with the part of the field of experimental rock deformation that is dominated by the phenomena of brittle fracture on one scale or another. Thus a distinction has been drawn between the fields of brittle and ductile behaviour in rock, corresponding more or less to a distinction between the phenomena of fracture and flow. The last chapter deals with the transition between the two fields. In this new edition an attempt has been made to take into account new developments of the last two and a half decades. To assist in this project, the original author greatly appre- ates being joined by the second author. The scope of the monograph is limited to the mechanical properties of rock viewed as a material on the laboratory scale. Thus, the topic and approach is of a 'materials science' kind rather than of a 'structures' kind. We are dealing with only one part of the wider field of rock mechanics, a field which also includes structural or boundary value problems, for example, those of the stability of slopes, the collapse of mine openings, earthquakes, the folding of stratified rock, and the convective motion of the Earth's mantle. One topic thus excluded is the role of jointing, which it is commonly necessary to take into account in applications in engineering and mining, and pr- ably often in geology too. Shock phenomena have also not been covered.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 7
Introduction 11
Experimental Procedures 14
The Triaxial Test 14
Other Types of Tests 24
Experimental Studies on the Brittle Fracture Stress 26
Introduction 26
Types of Fractures 27
Observed Stresses at Brittle Failure 30
Influence of Strain Rate, Temperature, and Time 36
Size and Shape Effects 39
Influence of Intermediate Principal Stress 44
Anisotropy 47
Griffith Theory of Brittle Failure 54
Introduction 54
Uniaxial Tension 55
Uniaxial Compression and Biaxial Stresses 58
Triaxial Stresses 60
Modified Griffith Theory (Closed Cracks) 62
Extension of the Griffith Approach to Other Modes of Localized Inelastic Failure 64
General Comment on Griffith-Type Theories 65
Evolution of Physical Properties during Brittle Failure 67
Introduction 67
Pre-peak and Post-peak Behaviour 68
Volume Changes 76
Elastic Wave Speeds and Attenuation 84
Transport Properties 96
Acoustic Emission 101
Microscopical Observations 107
A Synoptic View of Brittle Failure 119
Micromechanics of Brittle Fracture 123
Introduction 123
Micromechanical Theory for Compact Rock 124
Micromechanical Theory for Porous Rock 142
Localization Theory 145
The Role of Pore Fluids 154
Introduction 154
The Notion of Effective Stress 155
Elastic Properties of Porous Media 156
Brittle Failure – Experimental 162
Brittle Failure – Theory of Pore Pressure Effects 168
Friction and Sliding Phenomena 171
Introduction 171
Coefficient of Friction 172
Phenomenology of Frictional Behaviour 179
Physical Aspects of Rock Friction 204
Brittle-Ductile Transition 216
Introduction 216
Experimental Observations 217
Physical Basis of the Brittle-Ductile Transition 227
Ductile to Brittle Transitions 238
Fracture Mechanics 243
Stress Intensity Analysis 243
Critical Parameters for Failure 246
Dynamic and Kinetic Effects 248
Plasticity Theory and Localization Analysis 251
Introduction 251
Constitutive Relations for a Material without Pressure Dependence or Dilatancy 252
Constitutive Model for Dilatant, Pressure-Sensitive Materials 254
Bifurcation, Instability and Shear Localization 258
Constitutive Relations for Friction 261
Introduction 261
Friction Law 262
Evolution Law 263
Time-Dependent Evolution during Stationery Contact 265
Analysis of Frictional Stability – Stick-Slip 266
Influence of Normal Stress and Temperature 267
References 270
Index 337

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.11.2005
• Zusatzinfo: X, 348 p. 87 illus.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Deformation • Evolution • Formation • Fundament • geoscience • Structural Geology
• ISBN-10: 3-540-26339-X / 354026339X
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-26339-5 / 9783540263395