Origin of Mitochondria and Hydrogenosomes (eBook)

William F. Martin, Miklós Müller (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2007 | 2007
XVIII, 306 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-38502-8 (ISBN)

Infos

The evolutionary origins of hydrogenosomes have been the subject of considerable debate. This volume closes the gap between the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of organelles and their incorporation into evolutionary theory. It reveals that identifying the genetic contribution to eukaryotes of the mitochondrial endosymbiosis, and revealing the functions of its descendent organelles, are key to understanding eukaryotic biology and evolution.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Foreword 6
Contents 9
List of Contributors 14
1 The Road to Hydrogenosomes 16
1.1 Introduction 16
1.2 The Story 17
1.3 Conclusion 24
References 25
2 Mitochondria: Key to Complexity 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Size 29
2.3 Compartments 30
2.4 Dynamics of Gene Gain and Gene Loss in Bacteria 31
2.5 ATP Regulation of Bacterial Replication 35
2.6 Redox Poise Across Bioenergetic Membranes 39
2.7 Allometric Scaling of Metabolic Rate and Complexity 43
2.8 Conclusions 46
References 47
3 Origin, Function, and Transmission of Mitochondria 53
3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 Origins of Mitochondria 54
3.3 Mitochondrial Genomes 57
3.4 The Mitochondrial Theory of Ageing 59
3.5 Why Are There Genes in Mitochondria? 61
3.6 Co-location of Gene and Gene Product Permits Redox Regulation of Gene Expression 62
3.7 Maternal Inheritance of Mitochondria 64
3.8 Conclusions 67
References 67
4 Mitochondria and Their Host: Morphology to Molecular Phylogeny 71
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 Alternative Visions 71
4.3 Before the Word 73
4.4 Les Symbiotes 74
4.5 Symbionticism and the Origin of Species 76
4.6 Against the Current 77
4.7 Infective Heredity 79
4.8 The Tipping Point 81
4.9 The Birth of Bacterial Phylogenetics 83
4.10 Just-So Stories 84
4.11 Kingdom Come, Kingdom Go 85
4.12 A Chimeric Paradigm 88
4.13 Recapitulation 91
References 92
5 Anaerobic Mitochondria: Properties and Origins 98
Summary 98
5.1 Introduction 98
5.2 Possible Variants in Anaerobic Metabolism 99
5.3 Cytosolic Adaptations to an Anaerobic Energy Metabolism 101
5.4 Anaerobically Functioning ATP-Generating Organelles 102
5.5 Energy Metabolism in Anaerobically Functioning Mitochondria 103
5.6 Adaptations in Electron-Transport Chains in Anaerobic Mitochondria 108
5.7 Structural Aspects of Anaerobically Functioning Electron- Transport Chains 109
5.8 Evolutionary Origin of Anaerobic Mitochondria 110
5.9 Conclusion 113
References 113
6 Iron–Sulfur Proteins and Iron–Sulfur Cluster Assembly in Organisms with Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes 117
6.1 Introduction 117
6.2 Mitochondrion-Related Organelles in “Amitochondriate” Eukaryotes 118
6.3 Iron–Sulfur Cluster, an Ancient Indispensable Prosthetic Group 121
6.4 Iron–Sulfur Proteins in Mitochondria and Other Cell Compartments 121
6.5 Iron–Sulfur Proteins in Organisms Harboring Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes 122
6.6 Iron–Sulfur Cluster Assembly Machineries 128
6.7 Iron–Sulfur Cluster Biosynthesis and the Evolution of Mitochondria 135
References 139
7 Hydrogenosomes (and Related Organelles, Either) Are Not the Same 146
7.1 Introduction 146
7.2 Hydrogenosomes and Mitochondrial-Remnant Organelles Evolved Repeatedly: Evidence from ADP/ ATP Carriers 150
7.3 Functional Differences Between Mitochondrial and Alternative ADP/ ATP Transporters 153
7.4 Evolutionary Tinkering in the Evolution of Hydrogenosomes 155
7.5 Why an [Fe]-Only Hydrogenase? 163
7.6 Conclusions 164
References 165
8 The Chimaeric Origin of Mitochondria: Photosynthetic Cell Enslavement, Gene- Transfer Pressure, and Compartmentation Efficiency 171
Summary 171
8.1 Key Early Ideas 172
8.2 The Host Was a Protoeukaryote Not an Archaebacterium 176
8.3 Was the Slave Initially Photosynthetic? 178
8.4 Three Phases of 179
proteobacterial Enslavement 179
8.5 Did Syntrophy or Endosymbiosis Precede Enslavement? 183
8.6 The Chimaeric Origin of Mitochondrial Protein Import and Targeting 186
8.7 Stage 2: Recovery from Massive Organelle–Host Gene Transfer 190
8.8 Mitochondrial Diversification 195
8.9 Conceptual Aspects of Megaevolution 195
8.10 Relative Genomic Contributions of the Two Partners 198
8.11 Genic Scale, Tempo, and Timing of Mitochondrial Enslavement and Eukaryote Origin 202
References 205
9 Constantin Merezhkowsky and the Endokaryotic Hypothesis 210
Summary 210
9.1 Introduction 211
9.2 Modern Hypotheses of Eukaryotic Origin 212
9.3 Chimeric Nature of a Pro-eukaryote 222
9.4 Mitochondrial Origin and Eukaryogenesis 233
9.5 Conclusions 241
References 242
10 The Diversity of Mitochondrion-Related Organelles Amongst Eukaryotic Microbes 247
Summary 247
10.1 Introduction 247
10.2 Diversity of Anaerobic Protists with Mitochondrion- Related Organelles 255
10.3 The Origins of Mitochondria, Mitosomes and Hydrogenosomes 273
10.4 Concluding Remarks 276
References 276
11 Mitosomes of Parasitic Protozoa: Biology and Evolutionary Significance 284
Summary 284
11.1 Introduction 284
11.2 Discovery of Mitosomes: a Brief History 285
11.3 Mitosome Biology 288
11.4 Protein Import 294
11.5 Evolutionary Considerations 298
11.6 Conclusions 301
References 302
Index 308

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 26.1.2007
• Zusatzinfo: XVIII, 306 p. 38 illus., 7 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Biology • Cell • Eukaryota • eukaryote • Evolution • evolutionary significance • Hydrogenosomen • hydrogenosomes • microbe • microbes • mitochondria • Mitochondrien • Morphology • Organelle • origin • photosynthesis • Phylogeny • Protein • Protozoa • Urspung
• ISBN-10: 3-540-38502-9 / 3540385029
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-38502-8 / 9783540385028