Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes: Mitochondria of Anaerobic Eukaryotes (eBook)

Jan Tachezy (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2008 | 2008
XII, 287 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-76733-6 (ISBN)

Infos

'Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes: Mitochondria of Anaerobic Eukaryotes' provides a summary of the current knowledge of these organelles which occur in unicellular, often parasitic organisms, including human pathogens. These organelles exhibit a variety of structures and functions. This work describes properties such as protein import, structure, metabolism, adaptation, proteome and their role in drug activation and resistance. Further topics include organelle evolution and biogenesis.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Introduction 8
Contents 11
Anaerobic Eukaryotes in Pursuit of Phylogenetic Normality: the Evolution of Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes 13
1 Introduction 13
2 Older Views of How and Why the Mitochondrion Become Established 15
3Anoxic and Sulfidic Oceans up to ~580 MY Ago 17
4 Canfield Oceans Give Anaerobic Eukaryotes Room to Breathe 19
5 Anoxic, Fine, and What About Sulfidic? 23
6 Conclusion 24
Protein Import into Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes 33
1 Introduction 34
2 Protein Trafficking in Eukaryotes 35
3 Evolution of the Mitochondrial Protein Import Machinery 40
4 Studying Hydrogenosomal and Mitosomal Protein Import 42
6 Crossing the Organellar Membranes 58
7 The Protein Import Motor 65
8 Preprotein Processing Peptidases 67
9 Folding Newly Imported Soluble Proteins 70
10 Perspectives 72
Structure of the Hydrogenosome 86
1 Introduction 87
2 Where are Hydrogenosomes Found? 87
3 Hydrogenosome Shape 89
4 Hydrogenosome Size 89
5 Hydrogenosome Components 90
6 Fungal Hydrogenosomes 97
7 Proximity with Other Cellular Structures 98
8 Hydrogenosome Autophagy 99
9 Hydrogenosome Division 99
10 Hydrogenosome Behavior in the Cell Cycle 103
11 Hydrogenosomes Connection to Microtubules 104
12 Immunolabeling 104
Hydrogenosomes of Anaerobic Ciliates 108
1 Introduction 109
2 Nyctotherus ovalis 111
3 The Hydrogenosomes of Other Ciliates 114
4 Can the Methanogenic Symbionts Tell us More About the Origin and Function of Ciliate Hydrogenosomes 117
5 Evolutionary Aspects 117
Metabolism of Trichomonad Hydrogenosomes 124
1 Introduction 125
2 The Hydrogenosomal Membrane 125
3 Energy Metabolism 126
4 Proteins of the Core Catabolic Pathway 131
5 Interaction with Oxygen 138
7 Amino Acid and Polyamine Metabolism 145
8 Other Predicted Hydrogenosomal Proteins 148
9 Technical Note: Isolation of Hydrogenosomes for Biochemical Experiments 149
10 Perspectives 149
Hydrogenosomes of Anaerobic Chytrids: An AlternativeWay to Adapt to Anaerobic Environments 157
1 Introduction 158
2 Mitochondria Versus Hydrogenosomes 159
3 Anaerobic Chytrids Possess Hydrogenosomes and Perform a (Bacterial-Type) Mixed Acid Fermentation 161
4 Hydrogenosomal Metabolism of Piromyces and Neocallimastix 161
5 The Role of the Hydrogenosomes in the Energy Metabolism of Piromyces sp. E2 165
6 Evidence for a Mitochondrial Origin of Chytrid Hydrogenosomes 166
The Proteome of T. vaginalis Hydrogenosomes 173
1 The Mitochondrial Background 173
2 A Preliminary Status of Trichomonad Hydrogenosomal Proteomes 175
3 The Origins of Hydrogenosomal Proteins 183
4 Outlook 185
Hydrogenosome: The Site of 5-Nitroimidazole Activation and Resistance 189
1 Introduction 189
2 Activation of Metronidazole in Hydrogenosomes 190
3 Metronidazole Resistance 194
4 Conclusions 205
Mitosomes in Parasitic Protists 210
1 Introduction 211
2 Mitosomes, “Novel” Organelles in “Ancient” Protists? 213
3 Morphology of Mitosomes 215
4 Biogenesis of Mitosomes 218
5 Physiological Functions 223
6 Perspectives 232
The Mitochondrion-Related Organelle of Cryptosporidium parvum 240
1 Introduction 241
2 Ultrastructural Morphology 242
3 Cell Biology 246
4 Carbohydrate Metabolism 249
5 Energy Metabolism 252
6 The Crystalloid Body 253
7 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives 255
Mitochondrial Remnant in Blastocystis 263
1 Introduction 263
2 Morphology 265
3 Biochemistry of Mitochondria-Like Organelle of Blastocystis 268
4 Role of MLO in Blastocystis Programmed Cell Death 269
5 Future Directions 270
PossibleMitochondria-Related Organelles in Poorly-Studied “Amitochondriate” Eukaryotes 273
1 Introduction 273
2 Pelobionts 278
3 Metamonada 281
4 Heterolobosea 283
5 Postgaardi mariagerensis 285
6 Andalucia incarcerata 285
7 Breviata anathema 286
Subject Index 291

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.1.2008
• Reihe/Serie: Microbiology Monographs
• Reihe/Serie: Microbiology Monographs
• Zusatzinfo: XII, 287 p.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Activation • Adaptation • Amitochondrial protists • Anoxic habitat • Cell organelles • conservation • endosymbiosis • Energy metabolism • Evolution • Metabolism • Organelle
• ISBN-10: 3-540-76733-9 / 3540767339
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-76733-6 / 9783540767336