Bioenergetics (eBook)

Energy Conservation and Conversion

Günter Schäfer, Harvey Penefsky (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2008 | 2008
XVII, 312 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-78622-1 (ISBN)

Infos

The fermentation of sugar by cell-free yeast extracts was demonstrated more than a century ago by E. Buchner (Nobel Prize 1907). Buchner's observations put an end to previous animistic theories regarding cellular life. It became clear that metabolism and all cellular functions should be accessible to explication in chemical terms. Equally important for an understanding of living systems was the concept, explained in physical terms, that all living things could be cons- ered as energy converters [E. Schrödinger (Nobel Prize 1933)] which generate complexity at the expense of an increase in entropy in their environment. Bioenergetics was established as an essential branch of the biochemical sciences by the investigations into the chemistry of photosynthesis in i- lated plant organelles [O. Warburg (Nobel Prize 1931)] and by the discovery that mitochondria were the morphological equivalent that catalyzed cellular respiration. The ?eld of bioenergetics also encompasses a large variety of ad- tional processes such as the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction, the structure and driving mechanisms of microbial ?agellar motors, the energetics of solute transport, the extrusion of macromolecules across membranes, the transformation of quanta of light into visual information and the maintenance of complex synaptic communications. There are many other examples which, in most cases, may perform secondary energy transformations, utilizing - ergy stored either in the cellular ATP pool or in electrochemical membrane potentials.

Inhalt

Introduction 5
Contents 9
Contributors 14
Diversity of the Heme–Copper Superfamily in Archaea: Insights fromGenomics and Structural Modeling 17
1 Introduction 17
2 Introduction to the Heme–Copper Superfamily 18
3 Classification of the Superfamily 19
4 Heme-Copper Family Properties 21
5 Heme–Copper Oxygen Reductases in Archaea 24
6 Distribution and Evolution of the Heme–Copper Superfamily 42
References 44
Structure of Photosystems I and II 48
1 Overview on Oxygenic Photosynthesis 48
2 Photosystem I 50
3 Photosystem II 65
References 80
Microbial Rhodopsins: Scaffolds for Ion Pumps, Channels, and Sensors 88
1 Introduction 88
2 Microbial ( Type 1) Rhodopsins 90
3 Ion Transfer and Signal Transfer Mechanisms 106
4 Phototaxis 116
5 Outlook 126
References 126
Life Close to the Thermodynamic Limit: HowMethanogenic Archaea Conserve Energy 138
1 Introduction 138
2 The Process of Methanogenesis 140
3 Reactions and Compounds of the Methanogenic Electron Transport Chains 143
4 Structure and Function of Ion-Translocating Enzymes 148
5 ATP Synthesis in Methanogens 154
6 Concluding Remarks 159
References 160
ATP Synthesis by Decarboxylation Phosphorylation 168
1 Introduction 168
2 Fermentation Pathways with Na+- Transport Decarboxylases ( NaT- DC) 169
3 Structure and Mechanism of the NaT-DC Enzymes 174
4 ATP Synthesis Energized by an Electrochemical Na+ Ion Gradient 177
5 Mechanism of the F0 Motor 186
References 192
The Three Families of Respiratory NADH Dehydrogenases 200
1 Introduction 200
2 “ Alternative” or NDH-2-Type NADH Dehydrogenases 202
3 Sodium-Pumping NADH Dehydrogenases (Nqr) 211
4 Proton-Pumping NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase (Complex I) 220
References 228
Hydrogenases and H+-Reduction in Primary Energy Conservation 238
1 Introduction 238
2 Diversity and Classification of Hydrogenases 239
3 Modes of Energy Conservation by Hydrogenases 253
4 Conclusions and Perspectives 258
References 259
A Structural Perspective onMechanism and Function of the Cytochrome bc1 Complex 268
1 Introduction 268
2 Structural Characterization of cyt 270
3 Mechanistic Considerations 276
4 Interaction of cyt c with cyt bc1 283
5 Respiratory Supercomplexes 284
References 285
Regulatory Mechanisms of Proton- Translocating FOF1- ATP Synthase 294
1 Introduction 294
2 Structure and Rotary Catalysis: a Brief Summary 295
3 ADP-Inhibition: a Common Regulatory Mechanism 299
4 Subunit E in Bacterial and Chloroplast Enzyme 306
5 Thiol Regulation in Chloroplast Enzyme 310
6 Mitochondrial Inhibitor Protein IF1 312
7 Conclusions 313
References 314
Subject Index 324

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 24.5.2008
• Reihe/Serie: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation
• Reihe/Serie: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation
• Zusatzinfo: XVII, 312 p.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: archaea • ATP • ATP Formation • conservation • Ion Translocation • Microorganism • microorganisms • photosynthesis • Primary Energy Conservation • Respiratory systems
• ISBN-10: 3-540-78622-8 / 3540786228
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-78622-1 / 9783540786221