The Bacteria: Their Origin, Structure, Function and Antibiosis (eBook)

Arthur L. Koch (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2007 | 2006
X, 224 Seiten
Springer Netherland (Verlag)
978-1-4020-3206-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Understanding antibiotic chemotherapy at the ecological level is necessary for more permanent advances in development and in the usage of antibiotic agents. This book traces the history of bacteria, from the development of life on earth to the evolution of diversity. It is this diversity that led, almost automatically to the development of pathogens as well as antibiotics. If we are to create long term antibiotics we must design them with this history in mind.

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This book may seem like three or four books even though the main - cus is on a specialized topic-the bacterial cell wall. Its job is to formulate the innovations that caused life to initiate on earth, those that caused cell physiology to develop without diversity developing, those that allowed the murein walls of the cells to arise, those that led to the separation of the domain of Bacteria from other organisms, those that allowed the Archaea and the Eukarya to develop independently, and those that then led to the development of a very diverse b- sphere. It must have taken a long time after the origin of the ?rst cell; evolution had to proceed to produce very effective organisms. At some point a collection of very similar organisms arose that were ?rst called collectively the Last U- versal Ancestor (LUA), and stable divergence developed from there. The ?rst bacterium had a protective cell wall and its descendants developed in many - verse evolutionary directions, gave rise to many species of bacteria with various life strategies, and expanded to ?ll the many niches in the collection. As the kingdoms or domains of Archaea and Eukarya evolved, many of these organisms (and even some bacteria) acted against bacteria. The dev- opment of antibiotics acting on the wall of bacteria and lytic enzymes, called lysozymes,producedbyprotozoa,plantsandanimals,ledtodestructionofmany bacteria. Theseantagonisticchallengestobacteriaresultedfromitsowncellwall structure.

Inhalt

Table of Contents 5
Preface 7
Legend to the Frontispiece: The Structural Elements of the Bacterial Wall: Five Disaccharide Penta- muropeptides Forming a Glycan Chain and Two about to Form a Nona- muropeptide 9
Part 1 Origin of Bacteria 12
1 The Origin of Life Based on Physical Principles 13
2 Preamble to Life 19
3 The First Cell 25
4 Development of Cell Physiology and Diversity 31
Part 2 Wall Structure 48
5 Covalent Bonds and Tensile Strength of Materials 49
6 Structure of the Fabric that Covers a Bacterium 59
7 The Covalently Linked Sacculus: the Nona- Muropeptide Model 71
8 The Structure of the Tessera the Unit Structure of Murein Wall81
9 Extrusion and Incorporation into Wall 87
10 The Role of Poles in the Growth Strategy of Bacteria 91
Part 3 Bacterial Morphologies 99
11 Sidewalls of Gram-Negative Rod-Shaped Bacteria 101
12 Growth Strategies for Gram-Positive Cells 109
13 Wall Growth Strategies for Gram-Negative Cells 119
14 Commas, Vibrios, Spirilla, and Helicobacters Tapered and Branched Bacteria129
15 Spirochetes and Spiroplasma and the Special Strategies for CWD ( Cell Wall De . cient) Cells 147
16 Coccal Versus Rod-Shaped Cells, and the First Bacterium 157
17 Diseases: Old and New 171
Part 4 Antibiosis 190
18 Lysozymes as Alternatives to ß-lactamsAntibiotics Acting on the Bacterial Wall 191
19 Development of Wall Antibioics and Bacterial Counter- Measures 195
20 Antibiotics and Resistance, with an Emphasis on Aminoglycosides 211
21 Future Chemotherapy Aimed at the Bacterial Murein 219
References 227

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 20.9.2007
• Zusatzinfo: X, 224 p.
• Verlagsort: Dordrecht
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Bacteria • Biology • Cell • cell wall • Development • Evolution • growth • lead • Microbiology • origin of life • Pharmaceutical • Plasma • Predator • Structure • therapy
• ISBN-10: 1-4020-3206-4 / 1402032064
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-3206-6 / 9781402032066