Analysis of Seawater (eBook)

A Guide for the Analytical and Environmental Chemist

T.R. Crompton (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2006 | 2006
XXI, 510 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-26763-8 (ISBN)

Infos

This practice-oriented guidebook collects nearly all methods published since 1975 on the chemical analysis of seawaters. Detailed descriptions of both classical and most advanced physico-chemical and chemical techniques including 45 tables and 48 figures make this volume an invaluable source for analysts, oceanographers, fisheries experts, politicians and decision makers engaged in seawater environmental protection. The methods are presented in a logical manner so that the reader can readily learn to perform them.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 7
1 Sampling and Storage 22
Sampling 22
Sampling Devices 24
Sample Preservation and Storage 38
Sample Contamination During Analysis 48
References 55
2 Determination of Anions 59
Acetate 59
Acrylate 59
Alkalinity 59
Arsenate/Arsenite 61
Benzoate 61
Butyrate 61
Borate 62
Bromate 62
Bromide 65
Chloride 67
Chromate and Dichromate 68
Fluoride 73
Formate 77
Hypochlorite 78
Iodate 78
Iodide 82
Molybdate 85
Nitrate 85
Nitrite 91
Nitrate and Nitrite 93
Perrhenate 96
Phosphate 96
Propionate 102
Pyruvate 102
Selenate/Selenite 102
Silicate 103
Sulfide 105
Sulfate 106
Valerate 108
Multianion Analysis 108
pH 110
Suspended Solids 111
Anion Preconcentration 112
References 112
3 Anions in Estuary and CoastalWaters 118
Nitrate 118
Nitrate and Nitrite 118
Phosphate 119
Selenate and Selenite 119
Sulfate 120
Multianion Analysis 121
References 121
4 Dissolved Gases 122
Free Chlorine 122
Ozone 127
Nitric Oxide 127
Hydrogen Sulfide 127
Carbon Dioxide 127
References 128
5 Cations in Seawater 129
Introduction 129
Actinium 130
Aluminium 130
Ammonium 133
Antimony 137
Arsenic 138
Barium 142
Beryllium 143
Bismuth 144
Boron 145
Cadmium 147
Caesium 153
Cerium 154
Calcium 154
Chromium 157
Cobalt 166
Copper 170
Dysprosium 181
Erbium 181
Europium 181
Gadolinium 181
Gallium 181
Germanium 181
Gold 182
Holmium 182
Indium 182
Iridium 183
Iron 183
Lanthanum 185
Lead 186
Lithium 192
Lutetium 193
Magnesium 193
Manganese 193
Mercury 198
Molybdenum 204
Neodymium 207
Neptunium 208
Nickel 208
Osmium 210
Palladium 210
Platinum 210
Plutonium 210
Polonium 211
Potassium 211
Praseodymium 212
Promethium 212
Radium 212
Rare Earths 212
Rhenium 217
Rubidium 218
Ruthenium 219
Samarium 219
Scandium 219
Selenium 219
Silver 221
Sodium 222
Strontium 223
Technetium 223
Tellurium 223
Terbium 224
Thallium 224
Thorium 224
Thulium 225
Tin 225
Titanium 229
Tungsten 229
Uranium 229
Vanadium 231
Ytterbium 233
Yttrium 233
Zinc 233
Zirconium 236
Multication Analysis 236
References 306
6 Cations in Estuary, Bay, and CoastalWaters 330
Ammonium 330
Arsenic 331
Barium 331
Cadmium 332
Calcium and Magnesium 333
Copper 333
Mercury 334
Manganese 335
Selenium 335
Tin 335
Multication Analysis 336
References 342
7 Radioactive Elements 345
Naturally Occurring Cations 345
Fallout Products and Nuclear Plant Emissions 352
References 360
8 Sample Preparation Prior to Analysis for Organics 364
Soluble Components of Seawater 365
Volatile Compounds of Seawater 370
Chemical Pretreatment of Organics 376
References 377
9 Organic Compounds 380
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 381
Aromatic Hydrocarbons 383
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons 384
Oil Spills 385
Carboxylic Acids and Hydroxy Acids 392
Ketones and Aldehydes 395
Phenols 396
Phthalate Esters 397
Carbohydrates 397
Cationic Surfactants 401
Anionic Surfactants 401
Non-Ionic Surfactants 403
Aliphatic Chloro Compounds 405
Volatile Organic Compounds 407
Chlorinated Dioxins 408
Nitrogen Compounds 408
Sulfur Compounds 416
Chlorinated Insecticides 418
Polychlorobiphenyls 419
Organophosphorus Compounds 424
Azine Herbicides 426
Diuron, Irgalol, Chlorothalonil 427
Lipids 427
Sterols 428
Chelators 430
Humic Materials and Plant Pigments 431
Vitamins 438
Cobalamin 438
Pectenotoxins 438
Flavins 441
Microcystine 441
Preconcentration of Organics 441
References 441
10 Organometallic Compounds 457
Organoarsenic Compounds 457
Organocadmium Compounds 460
Organocopper Compounds 460
Organolead Compounds 461
Organomercury Compounds 461
Organothallium Compounds 468
Organotin Compounds 469
References 476
11 Elemental Analysis 481
Boron 481
Total Iodine 481
Organic Nitrogen 482
Organic Phosphorus 484
Silicon 485
Total Sulfur 485
Carbon Functions 486
Oxygen Isotopic Ratios 512
References 512
Subject Index 518

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 2.8.2006
• Zusatzinfo: XXI, 510 p.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Analytische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Hydrologie / Ozeanografie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: anions • coast • ecotoxicology • environmental protection • Fishery science • ocean • Oceanography • Toxicology • Trace elements • Water pollution • Water Quality and Water Pollution
• ISBN-10: 3-540-26763-8 / 3540267638
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-26763-8 / 9783540267638