Luminescence of Inorganic Solids
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers (Verlag)
978-0-306-40034-6 (ISBN)
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Finally, the relevance of luminescence studies to the field of phosphor technology and to the laser field Has examined. Each lecturer began the treatment of this topic(s) at a fundamental level and finally reached the current level of research. The sequence of the lectures was determined by the requirements of a didactical presentation. The emphasis of the course was primarily on basic principles. The formal lectures Here complemented by seminars and discussions.
Overview and Trends of Luminescent Research.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. General Characteristics of Current Research.- III. Representative Selected Basic Research.- III.A. Configuration Coordinate Model for Luminescence and "Hot" Luminescence.- III.B. Electron-Hole Condensation.- III.C. Complex Luminescent Associates.- IV. Selected Applied Research.- IV.A. Ordered Inorganic Luminescent Solids.- IV.B. Structural Luminescent Materials.- IV.C. Electroluminescence.- V. Conclusions.- Acknowledgment.- References.- Interaction of Radiation with Ions in Solids.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Quantum Theory of a Solid.- II.A. The Hamiltonian.- II.B. The Meaning of the Adiabatic Approximation.- II.C. The Adiabatic Approximation and the Role of Symmetry.- III. Photons and the Radiation Field.- III.A. The Classical Radiation Field.- III.B. Solutions of the Field Equation.- III.C. Periodic Boundary Conditions.- III.D. The Hamiltonian of the Radiation Field.- III.E. The Quantization of the Radiation Field.- III.F. Energy Levels and Eigenfunctions of Abstract Radiation Field.- III.G. The Operator Vector Potential.- IV. Interaction of Radiation with Charged Particles.- IV.A. The Hamiltonian of a Charged Particle in an Electromagnetic Field.- IV.B. The Interaction of a Charged Particle with Abstract Radiation Field.- IV.C. First Order Processes.- V. Absorption and Emission Processes.- V.A. Transition Probabilities for Absorption and Emission.- V.B. "Upward" and "Downward" Induced Transitions.- V.C. About Spontaneous Emission.- VI. Radiative Processes of Ions in Solids.- VI.A. Statement of the Problem.- VLB. Interaction of Radiation with Molecular Complexes. Franck-Condon Principle.- VI.C. Generalization of the Franck-Condon Approximation.- VI.D. Summary of Radiative and Non-radiative Processes in Solids.- References.- Multiphonon Interaction of Excited Luminescent Centers in the Weak Coupling Limit: Non Radiative Decay and Multiphonon Side Bands.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Some Experimental Facts About Different Multiphonon Processes.- II.A. Multiphonon Non Radiative Decay.- II.B. Multiphonon Assisted Energy Transfer.- II.C. Multiphonon Side-Bands Excitation.- II.D. Multiphonon Absorption of Pure Solids.- III. Non Radiative Decay. Theoretical Aspects.- III.A. The Nth Order Methods.- 1. The Nth Order Time Dependent Perturbation Method.- 2. The Nth Order Crystal Field Method.- 3. The Exponential Energy Gap Law.- 4. The Temperature Dependence.- III.B. The Non-Adiabatic Hamiltonian Method.- 1. Usual Approximation.- 2. Expression for the Non Adiabatic Hamiltonian in the Adiabatic Approximation.- 3. Transition Probability Calculations.- 4. Discussion of the Preceding Results.- 5. The Temperature Dependence.- IV. Multiphonon Side-Bands.- IV.A. Theoretical Treatment and Formal Analogy with Non Radiative Decay.- IV.B. The "Pekarian" Function and the Energy Gap Law.- IV.C. Relation Between Multiphonon Side-Bands in Absorption or Emission and Anti-Stokes and Stokes Multiphonon Excitation.- V. Experimental Results for Multiphonon Excitation in Ln3+Ions and Comparison with Non Radiative Decay.- V.A.Experimental Set-up and Results for Excitation in Different Matrices.- 1. The Experimental Set-up.- 2. Relation Between Fluorescence Intensity and Excitation Probabilities.- 3. Some Results.- V.B.Comparison of the Experimental Exponential Gap Law for Excitation and for Non Radiative Decay.- 1. Values for Parameters ? and ?s.- 2. Electron-Phonon Coupling Parameter Values.- 3. Mediating Phonon Frequency and Cut-off Phonon Frequency.- V.C.Application to the Prediction of Ln3+ Doped Phosphors Properties.- VI. Conclusion.- References.- Energy Levels and Transitions of Transition Metal Ions in Solids.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Properties of the Host Material.- III. Electronic States of the Transition Metal Ions.- IV. Radiative Transition Probabilities.- V. Radiative and Non Radiative Transitions on Transition Metal Ions in Solids.- VI. Effect of Changing Crystalline Environment on the Optical Properties of the Transition Metal Ion.- VII. The Ion-Lattice Interaction References.- Experimental Spectroscopic Techniques for Transition Metal Ions in Solids.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Determination of Energy Levels.- III. The Effect of Site Symmetry on the Optical Spectrum of the Ion.- IV. Overlapping Luminescence Transitions.- V. The MgO:Cr3+System: An Example Acknowledgment.- References.- Luminescence from Solids with High Concentrations of Transition Metal Ions.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Exchange-Coupled Ion Pairs.- III. Fully Concentrated Materials.- IV. Luminescence from Fully Concentrated Materials.- References.- Spectroscopy and Luminescence of Lanthanides and Actinides.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Outline of Discussion.- III. The 4f2Configuration Spectra and Basic Interactions.- IV. Tensor Operators in Atomic Spectroscopy.- V. Many-Electrons Configurations.- V.A. The Case for Additional Quantum Numbers.- V.B. Seniority, Coefficients of Fractional Parentage and Unit Tensor Operators.- V.C. Intra-atomic Magnetic Interactions.- VI. Rare-Earth Electronic Levels in the Condensed State.- VII. Intensity of Radiative Transitions in Lanthanide Ions.- VIII. Systematics in Rare-Earth Spectra.- VIII.A. Solution Spectra.- 1. The Cloud-Expanding (Nephelauxetic) Effect.- 2. Hypersensitive Transitions.- VIII.B. Absorption and Emission Spectra in LaCl3.- 1. Selection Rules.- 2. The Time Reversal Operator and Additional Selection Rules.- 3. Zeeman Effect.- 4. Crystal-Field Parameters for LaCl3.- VIII.C. An Example of Analysis of RE Spectra.- VIII.D. Technological Applications of RE Luminescence.- IX. Solution and Solid State Spectroscopy of Actinides.- IX.A. Introduction.- IX.B. The Oxidation States of 5f Ions.- IX.C. Spectroscopic Techniques.- IX.D. Spectra of Trivalent Actinides.- 1. Solution Spectra.- 2. The Question of the Crystal Field Strength in the Actinides.- 3. Crystal Spectra.- 4. Comparison of Lanthanides and Actinides.- IX.E. Dye Laser Excited Emission from Short Lived Isotopes.- Acknowledgment.- References.- Luminescence Spectra of Solids: Filled-Shell Ions.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Atomic Spectroscopy of Closed-Shell Ions.- II.A. Quantum-Mechanical Postulates.- II.B. One-Electron System.- II.C. Many-Electron System.- 1. Slater Determinants.- 2. Electron Configuration.- 3. Terms and States.- II.D. Excited Configurations of ns2-Type Ions.- 1. ns np Configuration.- 2. np2Configuration.- II.E. Excited Configurations of nd10-Type Ions.- 1. nd9n's Configuration.- 2. nd9n'p Configuration.- III. Closed-Shell Ion Spectroscopy in Crystals.- III.A. General Formalism.- 1. Symmetry Considerations.- 2. Molecular Orbital Method.- 3. Total Energies.- 4. Orbital Energies.- 5. Transition Energies.- III.B. ns2-Type Ions.- 1. Cubic Environment.- 2. Lower-Symmetry Environment.- III.C. nd10-Type Ions.- 1. Cubic Environment.- 2. "Off-Center" Positions.- Acknowledgment.- References.- Generalized Excitations in Pure Ionic Crystals.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Quantum-Mechanical Resonance.- III. Generalized Excitations in Crystals.- III.A. Setting of the Problem.- III.B. Eigenfunctions.- III.C. Dispersion Relations for Generalized Excitations.- III.D. Effective-Mass Treatment.- III.E. Generalization to Three Dimensions.- III.F. Interactions Involving Generalized Excitations.- 1. Generalons and Photons.- 2. Generalons and Phonons.- 3. Generalon-Generalon Interactions.- IV. Phonons as Generalons.- V. Excitons.- V.A. General Considerations.- V.B. Dispersion Relations.- V.C. General Properties of the Transfer Matrix Element.- V.D. Davydov Splitting.- V.E. Optical Creation of Excitons.- V.F. Exciton-Phonon Interactions.- 1. Form of the Interaction.- 2. Line Broadening.- 3. Indirect Transitions.- 4. Self-Trapping.- VI. Magnons.- VI.A. Setting of the Problem.- VI.B. Dispersion Relations.- VI.C. The Exciton-Magnon Interaction.- 1. Form of the Interaction.- 2. Basic Properties of the Interaction.- Acknowledgment.- References.- Luminescent Processes in Semiconductors.- Abstract.- I. The Usual Semiconductors and Phosphors; Their Gaps.- I.A. Homopolar and III-V Semiconducting Phosphors.- I.B. Amorphous Semiconductors.- I.C. II-VI Compounds.- I.D. Mercury Calcogenides.- II. Near Bandgap Transitions.- II.A. Absorption Leading to Free Carriers.- 1. The Case of Direct Transitions.- 2. The Case of Indirect Transitions.- II.B. Electron-Hole Interaction, Excitons.- 1. Excitons.- 2. The Corrections to the Absorption Curve.- 3. The "Urbach's Tail".- II.C. Luminescence Processes Involving Free Carriers or Free Excitons.- 1. Luminescent Emission Abvoe the Band Gap.- 2. The Free Exciton Emission from Pure Germanium.- 3. The Shape of the Free Exciton Lines in CdS.- II.D. Free Excitons versus Bound Excitons.- II.E. Excitonic Molecules and Electron-Hole Drops.- 1. Excitonic Molecules.- 2. Electron-Hole Drops.- III. Transitions Involving Localized Levels.- III.A. Hydrogen-Like Levels.- 1. Hydrogen-Like Donors and Acceptors.- 2. Infrared Transitions Involving the Excited States.- 3. "Free to Bound" Transitions.- III.B. Isoelectronic Traps.- III.C. Donor-Acceptor Pairs Emission.- III.D. An Example of a Transition Element in Semiconductors: Mn++.- References.- Energy Levels of Strongly Interacting Ion Pairs.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Interaction Processes.- II.A. Magnetic Dipolar and Electric Multipolar Interactions.- II.B. Direct Exchange and Superexchange.- III. Interaction Processes for Rare-Earth Ions.- III.A. Effective Spin Hamiltonian and Energy Levels for Interacting Kramers' Doublets.- III.B. Case of Nd3+Pairs.- III.C. Brief Review of Interaction Processes for Other Rare Earths.- IV. Interaction Processes for Iron-Group Ion Pairs.- IV.A. Exchange Hamiltonians and Energy Levels.- IV.B. Case of Cr3+Pairs.- 1. Fundamental States.- 2. Excited States.- IV.C. Other Iron-Group Ion Pairs.- V. Concluding Remarks.- References.- Polaron Theory Applied to Luminescent Point and Associated Impurities.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. The Static Approximation.- III. Franck-Condon Principle for Defects and Large Orbits.- IV. Nonadiabatic Defects.- V. Application of the Theory to Some Adiabatic and Some Non-Adiabatic Systems.- Acknowledgments.- References.- On the Theory of the Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Optical Spectra of Impurities in Solids.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Pressure Dependence of Impurity Spectra in the Harmonic Approximation.- III. The Effects of Anharmonicity on the Pressure Dependence of Impurity Spectra.- IV. Critiques of Other Theoretical Analyses.- V. Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Pressure-Dependence of the Probability of Vibronic Transitions.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. General Analysis for Vibronic Transitions.- III. Specific Vibronic Transitions.- IV. Conclusions.- Acknowledgment.- Materials Science of the Luminescence of Inorganic Solids.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Spectral Position of Absorption and Emission Bands.- II.A. The Eu3+Ion (4f6).- II:B. The Eu2+Ion (4f7).- II.C. The Niobate Octahedron (Nb5+(02-)6).- II.D. The Pr3+Ion (4f2).- III. The Quantum Efficiency of Isolated Luminescent Centers.- III.A. General.- III.B. Trivalent Rare-Earth Ions (Transitions Within the 4fnConfiguration).- III.C. The Eu3+Ion (4f6) and Its Charge-Transfer State.- III.D. The Ce3+Ion (4f1).- IV. Concentration Quenching of Luminescence.- IV.A. Energy Transfer.- IV.B. Concentration Quenching.- V. Sensitized Luminescence.- VI. Rules to Predict Efficient Phosphors.- VIII.Applications.- VIII.A. The Eu3+ Ion.- VIII.B. The Eu2+ Ion.- References.- Resonant Secondary Emission of Impurity Centres in Crystals: Luminescence, Hot Luminescence, Light Scattering.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Absorption-Luminescence as a Two-Photon Three Step Process.- III. Resonant Secondary Emission Formula for a Useful Model.- IV. Concluding Remarks.- References.- Topical Problems of Laser Crystal Physics.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. On the Nature of the Concentration Quenching of Luminescence of Nd3+ in Crystals.- III. Garnet-RE Laser Crystals.- IV. Extension of Generation Wavelength Range in Crystal Lasers.- V. Conclusion.- References.- Applications of Luminescence.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors.- III. Cathode Ray Tube Phosphors.- IV. Electroluminescence.- V. X-Ray Screens and Detectors.- VI. Miscellaneous Applications and Summary.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Modern Techniques in Optical Spectroscopy.- Abstract.- I. Survey of Laser Spectroscopy Techniques.- I.A. Laser Spectroscopy.- I.B. Ultra-High Resolution Spectroscopy.- I.C. Non-Linear Spectroscopy.- I.D. Ultra-Fast Time Spectroscopy.- I.E. Coherent Transient Effects.- I.F. Summary.- II. Site Selection Spectroscopy Investigations of Energy Migration Among Ions in Solids.- II.A. Summary of Conventional Spectroscopy Results.- II.B. Fluorescence Line Narrowing Studies.- II.C. Experimental Results for Glass Hosts.- II.D. Experimental Results for Crystalline Hosts.- II.E. Theoretical Considerations.- III. Techniques for Directly Measuring Radiationless Transitions.- III.A. Review of Standard Methods of Investigating Radiationless Decay Processes.- III.B. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS)-Microphone Detection.- III.C. PAS-Transducer Detection.- III.D. Calorimetric Techniques.- III.E. Summary.- References.- Long Seminars.- Fluorescence Studies of Concentrated Mn2+ Systems.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Optical Properties of MnF2.- III. Optical Properties of RbMnF3.- IV. Fluorescence Studies of KMnF3.- IV.A. Experimental Details.- IV.B. Experimental Results.- IV.C. Interpretation and Model.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Luminescence Properties of Rare Gas Solids. I. Emission Bands and Excitation Spectra.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Emission Bands of Pure Rare Gas Solids.- II.A. The Main Luminescence Bands of Xe, Kr, Ar (OL).- II.B. Luminescence of Solid Ne.- II.C. Hot Luminescence and Narrow-Line Luminescence.- III. The Luminescence Centres and Explanation of the Luminescence Spectra.- III.A. Formation and Properties of the Molecular Centre, R2*.- III.B. Radiative Decay of the Molecular Centre.- III.C. Origin of the Narrow Luminescence Lines.- IV. Photoluminescence Yield Spectra.- IV.A. PLY for Excitonic Excitations.- IV.B. PLY Spectra in the Range of Band-to-Band Transitions.- V. Luminescence of RGS with Isoelectronic Impurities.- References.- Luminescence Properties of Rare Gas Solids. II. Time-Resolved Luminescence Spectroscopy.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Radiationless Relaxation of Molecules in RGS Matrices.- II.A. Vibrational Energy Transfer and Relaxation of CO in Solid Neon and Argon.- II.B. Interstate Cascading in Matrix Isolated CN.- III. Relaxation Within Excited States of RGS.- III.A. Radiative States of Luminescence Centers in RGS.- III.B. Relaxation Processes in RGS.- III.C. Relaxation Times and Luminescence Emission Bands.- III.D. Electronic Relaxation Times and Energy Transfer Processes from Luminescence and Photoelectron Spectroscopy.- 1. Energy Transfer to Surface Layers and Substrates.- 2. Energy Transfer to Guest Atoms.- III.E. Time-Resolved Luminescence Spectroscopy and Electronic Relaxation.- References.- Reorientations of the Molecular Centers O2- and S2- in the Excited Electronic State.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Reorientation Mechanisms.- III. Reorientation in the Ground Electronic State.- IV. Reorientation in the Excited State.- V. Photostimulated Reorientations.- References.- Dynamical Jahn-Teller Effect on the Fine Structure Lines of Transition Metal Ions.- Relativistic Effects in Half-Filled Shells.- Short Seminars (Abstracts).- Theory of Impurity Light-Absorption Spectrum. The Urbach Rule.- The Greek Alphabet.- Sensitive Analytical Determinations of Fluorescent and Non-Fluorescent Ions by Laser-Excited Luminescence.- Luminescence of Some Impurity Magnetic Ion in A1N.- List of Contributors.
Zusatzinfo | biography |
---|---|
Sprache | englisch |
Gewicht | 1400 g |
Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Atom- / Kern- / Molekularphysik |
Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Festkörperphysik | |
ISBN-10 | 0-306-40034-0 / 0306400340 |
ISBN-13 | 978-0-306-40034-6 / 9780306400346 |
Zustand | Neuware |
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