Critical Care Medicine at a Glance (eBook)

Richard M. Leach (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2023 | 4. Auflage
208 Seiten
Wiley (Verlag)
978-1-119-60588-1 (ISBN)

Infos

Critical Care Medicine at a Glance

The market-leading at a Glance series is popular among healthcare students and newly qualified practitioners for its concise, simple approach and excellent illustrations.

Each bite-sized chapter is covered in a double-page spread with clear, easy-to-follow diagrams, supported by succinct explanatory text.

Covering a wide range of topics, books in the at a Glance series are ideal as introductory texts for teaching, learning and revision, and are useful throughout university and beyond.

Everything you need to know about Critical Care Medicine... at a Glance!

Critical Care Medicine at a Glance, Fourth Edition provides a succinct, accessible, highly illustrated introduction to the care of the critically ill patient. Designed for medical students, junior doctors and nurses alike, this authoritative revision guide covers the essential clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic skills required to manage critically ill patients with a wide range of conditions in a variety of settings. Colour-coded chapters which contain concise explanatory text, applications to practice, and numerous high-quality photographs, illustrations, diagrams and tables.

Fully revised to reflect current guidelines, changes in practice and recent medical innovations, this fourth edition includes expanded coverage of resus, sepsis, COVID-19, ECMO, dermatological emergencies, envenomation and other key conditions and procedures. Updated chapters incorporate current assessment methods used by medical schools and postgraduate training programmes, whilst additional 'Pearls of Wisdom' boxes and 'Wise Owl Reading' reference suggestions are integrated throughout to aid learning and comprehension.

• Allows rapid access to the knowledge and skills required to care for the acute and critically ill
• Covers a wide range of topics such as respiratory and neurological emergencies, arrhythmias, ventilation and intubation, trauma surgery and abdominal imaging
• Features contributions from leading critical care practitioners
• Provides normal values, reference ranges and treatment and monitoring guidelines for various critical care scenarios
• Includes practical case studies, revision questions and self-assessment tests with answers
• Contains several useful appendices, including information on pacemaker types and classifications

Critical Care Medicine at a Glance, Fourth Edition is a must-have for medical students, junior doctors and nurses in intensive care and emergency medicine and those undertaking postgraduate exams.

For more information on the complete range of Wiley Medical Education publications, please visit: www.wiley.com

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This book is also available as an e-book. For more details, please see www.wiley.com/buy/9781119605881

Richard M. Leach is Medical Director for the Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and an Honorary Professor of Medicine at King's College, London, UK.

Textauszug

The medical profession and scientific community generally use SI (Système International) units.

Pressure conversion. SI unit of pressure: 1 Pa (Pa) = 1 N/m2. Because this is small, in medicine the kPa (=103 Pa) is more commonly used. Note that millimetres of mercury (mmHg) are still the most common unit for expressing arterial and venous blood pressures, and low pressures – e.g. central venous pressure and intrapleural pressure – are sometimes expressed as centimetres of H2O (cmH2O). Blood gas partial pressures are reported by some laboratories in kPa and by some in mmHg, so you need to be familiar with both systems.

1 kPa = 7.5 mmHg = 10.2 cmH2O

1 mmHg = 1 Torr = 0.133 kPa = 1.36 cmH2O

1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa = 0.74 mmHg

1 standard atmosphere (≈ 1 bar) = 101.3 kPa = 760 mmHg = 1033 cmH2O

Contents are still commonly expressed per 100 mL (dL−1), and these need to be multiplied by 10 to give the more standard SI unit per litre. Contents are also increasingly being expressed as mmol/L.

For haemoglobin: 1 g/dL = 10 g/L = 0.062 mmol/L

For ideal gases (including oxygen and nitrogen): 1 mmol = 22.4 mL standard temperature and pressure dry (STPD ).

For non‐ideal gases, such as nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide: 1 mmol = 22.25 mL STPD.

Symbols used in respiratory and cardiovascular physiology are shown in Table 1.

Typical inspired, alveolar and blood gas values in healthy young adults are shown in Table 2. Ranges are given for arterial blood gas values. Mean arterial Po2 falls with age, and by 60 years is about 11 kPa/82 mmHg. Typical values for lung volumes and other lung function tests are given in Table 3 and Ward et al. (2022). Ranges for many values are affected by age, sex and height, as well as by the method of measurement; hence it is necessary to refer to appropriate nomograms.

Standard respiratory symbols

Primary symbols C = content of a gas in blood F = fractional concentration of gas V = volume of a gas P = pressure or partial pressure S = saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen Q = volume of blood A dot over a letter means a time derivative, e.g. = ventilation (l/min) = blood flow (l/min) Secondary symbols Gas I = inspired gas E = expired gas A = alveolar gas D = dead space gas T = tidal B = barometric ET = end‐tidal Blood a = arterial v = venous c = capillary A dash means mixed or mean, e.g. = mixed venous A′ after a symbol means end, e.g. c' = end‐capillary Tertiary symbols O2 = oxygen CO2 = carbon dioxide CO = carbon monoxide Examples o2 = oxygen consumption PAco2 = alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide

Inspired, alveolar and blood gas values

Inspired Po2 (dry, sea level)

21 kPa

159 mmHg

Alveolar Po2

13.3 kPa

100 mmHg

Arterial Po2

12.5 (11.2–13.9) kPa

94 (84–104) mmHg

A–a Po2 gradient

<2 kPa

<15 mmHg (greater in elderly)

Oxygen saturation

>97%

Oxygen content

200 mL/L

20 mL/dL

Inspired Pco2

0.03 kPa

0.2 mmHg

Alveolar Pco

5.3 (4.7–6.1) kPa

40 (35–45) mmHg

Arterial Pco2

5.3 (4.7–6.1) kPa

40 (35–45) mmHg

Arterial CO2 content

480 mL/L

48 mL/dL

Arterial [H+]/pH

36–44 nmol/L

7.44–7.35

Resting mixed venous Po2

5.3 kPa

40 mmHg

Resting mixed venous O2 content

150 mL/L

15 mL/dL

Resting mixed venous O2 saturation

75%

Resting mixed venous Pco2

6.1 kPa

46 mmHg

Resting mixed venous CO2 content

520 mL/L

52 mL/dL

Arterial [HCO3−]

24 (21–27) mM

Typical lung volumes for an adult male

Tidal volume (VT) (at rest)

500 mL

Vital capacity (VC)

5500 mL

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

3800 mL

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

1200 mL

Total lung capacity (TLC)

6000 mL

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

2200 mL

Residual volume (RV)

1000 mL

about

less than

greater than

with or without

amino acids

P(A−a)o2 gradient, the difference between alveolar and arterial Po2

airway, breathing, circulation,

abnormal conduction

airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure

arterial blood gas

acute bowel ischaemia

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

activated charcoal

anticoagulation

angiotensin‐converting enzyme

acetylcholine

acetylcholine receptor

acute confusional state

acute coronary syndrome

activated clotting time

adrenocorticotrophic hormone

antidiuretic hormone

adenosine diphosphate

acute exacerbation

atrial flutter; atrial fibrillation

amniotic fluid embolism

anion gap

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

acute inflammatory phase

acute kidney injury

acute liver failure

acute lung injury

alkaline phosphatase

advanced life support

alanine transaminase

antinuclear antibodies

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

anteroposterior

Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation

antepartum haemorrhage

action potential

airway pressure release ventilation

activated partial thromboplastin time

acute respiratory distress syndrome

acute renal failure

atrial septal defect

aspartate transaminase

atrial tachycardia

acute tubular injury

advanced trauma life support

acute tubular necrosis

adenosine triphosphate

American Thoracic Society

atrioventricular

arteriovenous malformation

atrioventricular node

atrioventricular nodal re‐entrant...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 10.2.2023
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Notfallmedizin
• ISBN-10: 1-119-60588-1 / 1119605881
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-60588-1 / 9781119605881