SURVIVOR'S GUIDE Quick Reviews and Test Taking Skills for USMLE STEP 1 (eBook)

vijay naik (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2020 | 1. Auflage
200 Seiten
Bookbaby (Verlag)
978-1-0983-0543-7 (ISBN)

Infos

This book is designed to master, have a quick review of clues and concepts right before taking the exam and helps connect the dots . It helps recollect all the concepts and points that's needed to ace this exam and get a high end score.It's a refined combination of the most important essential clues and concepts in a quick review that will give a massive boost to your score in your last week of exam preparations.This tool is designed to give you a quick easy review of all the essential information before the exam.The book also includes a chapter on test taking skills to help you process the questions better and prevent a student from running out of time on a test day or doubt themselves and change option choices.

Textauszug

Quick Review of cardiovascular system

Right coronary dominance in most people arises from which artery?

Right Coronary artery

Just inferolateral to the pubic tubercle which vein can be accessed?

The Great Saphenous Vein

The common cardinal veins give rise to?

Superior Vena Cava

What resides in the arterioventricular groove on the posterior aspect of the heart?

Coronary Sinus

IV drug users can have right sided endocarditis involving which valve?

Tricuspid valve (most often due to S.aureus infection)

What structure is located posterior to the Left atrium?

Esophagus

Left atrium and the left ventricle end diastolic pressures are closely measured by which pressure?

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Defect in which structure causes cyanosis in transposition of great vessels?

Failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral

Defect in which structure causes patent foramen ovale?

Incomplete fusion of atrial septum primum and secundum

Deviation of Infundibular septum results in?

Tetralogy of Fallot

Which pharyngeal aortic arch gives rise to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

3rd pharyngeal aortic arch

Scar tissue in the heart is made up of?

Type 1 collagen

What do you see in the light microscope after 12 days of ischemic myocyte?

Granulation tissue with neovascularization

Diagnosis of a young adult patient with MI in the setting of normal coronary arteries, but has mitral valve thickening with vegetation?

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis

Measuring this will help in diagnosing Carcinoid Syndrome?

Urinary 5-Hydroxyindoleactic acid

What is the MCC of Sudden Cardiac Death in a young adult?

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

In Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, which sarcomere genes are mutated?

Beta Myosin heavy chain and Myosin Binding protein C

Where does amyloid in the atria of the heart derived from?

Natuiretic Peptide

Friction Rub is the most striking physical finding in what disease?

Acute Pericarditis

What indicates irreversible cell injury?

Mitochondrial Vacuolization

Atrial Septal Defect is associated with which syndrome?

Down Syndrome

What is the MCC of Aortic Stenosis in Developed nations?

Calcific degeneration of tri leaflet aortic valve

Plaque stability is reduced from a substance released by the macrophages. What is the substance?

Metalloproteinases

Where does an atherosclerotic plaque most likely to occur?

Abdominal Aorta

Which arteries are spared in Polyarteritis nodosa?

Pulmonary arteries

What is the most likely sign detected when a heart shows a dense thick fibrous tissue in the pericardial space between the visceral and parietal pericardium?

Kussumal Sign

An inherited condition where ECG shows prolonged QT interval, due to a defect in this channel?

Membrane K+ channel proteins

What is associated with Jervell and Lange-Nielson syndrome?

Sensorineural deafness

What do you see in the Left Ventricular Dysfunction?

Hemosiderin Laden macrophages (heart failure cells) and chronic Increase in hydrostatic pressure

What is the most likely associated condition with platelet rich thrombi attached to mitral valve leaflet?

Advanced Malignancy (Non-Bacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with mucinous adenocarcinoma)

Pt with severe drug resistant hypertension have unilateral renal artery stenosis which leads to renal atrophy. Why did this occur?

Oxygen (O2) and nutrient deprivation

What do strawberry type hemangiomas do?

First increase in size then regress

Diagnosis of a pt with recurrent severe nosebleed and with pink spider like lesions on his oral and nasal mucosa, face, and arms?

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome

Diagnosis of a pt with exertional calf pain and painful foot ulcers, hypersensitivity to intradermally injected tobacco extract?

Buerger’s disease

What type of vasculitis process is seen in Buerger’s disease?

Segmental Vasculitis extending into contiguous veins and nerves

Persistent lymphedema predisposes to this condition?

Lymphangiosarcoma

What is the vascular tumor associated with Arsenic and polyvinylchloride and also positive for CD31?

Liver Angiosarcoma

What is the substance that is secreted by the vascular endothelium and inhibit platelet aggregation?

Prostacyclin

What is the MCC of aortic stenosis in the elderly?

Valvular calcification

Diagnosis of a pt with mid systolic click followed by short late systolic murmur at the apex. Murmur disappears with Squatting?

Mitral Valve Prolapse with Mitral Regurgitation

Diagnosis of a chest pain that increases with inspiration and partially relieved by sitting up and leaning forward.

Pericardial Inflammation

Diagnosis of a pt with trauma has a fall in systolic blood pressure greater than 10 on inspiration, jugular venous distention and tachycardia.

Cardiac Tamponade

What is the MCC of death in a lightening strike?

Cardiac Arrhythmia

Why does transient myocardial ischemia causes myocardial hypertrophy?

Intracellular Ca2+ accumulation

Diagnosis of a pt with left atrial enlargement and pedunculated mass attached to the left atrium?

Atrial Myxoma

What does one see in a histology of atrial myxoma?

Scattered cells within a mucopolysaccharide stroma

Bicuspid valve can lead to this by 50 years of age?

Aortic Stenosis

In isolated diastolic heart failure, what happens to the Left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)?

- Increase in LVEDP - Normal LVEDV - Normal LVEF

What type of murmur do you see in a patient with VSD?

Holosystolic murmur over the left sternal border

What typically occurs 5-14 days after an acute Myocardial Infarction?

Free Wall Rupture

A child with Atrial Septal Defect, requires surgical repair to prevent irreversible changes in which vessels?

Pulmonary Vessels

What is the best indicator for mitral valve stenosis severity?

A2 to opening snap time interval

What happens when the opening snap in the Mitral Stenosis occur shortly after the mitral valve opening?

The Left ventricular pressure decreases below the left atrial pressure

Head pounding and bobbing are associated with?

Widening of pulse pressure

Why does a pt with aortic stenosis develop pulmonary edema?

Sudden decrease in left ventricular preload due to loss of atrial contraction because of atrial fibrillation

What is the compensatory mechanism for congestive heart failure patients?

Increase in arterial resistance

What is the best indicator for the severity of the mitral valve regurgitation?

S3 gallop

Pulses paradoxus can be seen which disease?

Pericardial disease

Diagnosis of a pt with fatigue and dyspnea, early diastolic murmur is heard at the left sternal border?

Aortic Reguritation

Platelet derived growth factor is released by?

Locally adherent platelets

What promotes the migration of smooth muscle cells (cellular components of plaques)?

Endothelial cells and...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 28.2.2020
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Studium
• ISBN-10: 1-0983-0543-4 / 1098305434
• ISBN-13: 978-1-0983-0543-7 / 9781098305437