The Clinical Biology of Sodium
Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd (Verlag)
978-0-08-040842-2 (ISBN)
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The physiological and clinical importance of sodium rests on four fundamental features: sodium transport establishes gradients which underlie other essential transport processes, the responsiveness of excitable tissues, and protect cells from swelling - it is also a major demand on the available energy supply (ATP); sodium is the osmotic skeleton of the internal environment; sodium reabsorption is the foundation on which much renal function rests; and sodium excretion enables the kidney to be the main long-term regulator of blood pressure. Nephrologists, gastronterologists, cardiologists, obstetricians, anaesthetists and internists treating a range of diseases frequently need to manipulate sodium balance to the advantage of patients: often this is a pivotal aspect of their therapeutic strategy. Accounts of the interlinked roles of sodium have tended to remain separate. This book aims to reconcile these diverse aspects of sodium and deepen understanding among clinicans and basic scientists of its importance and the diseases and drugs which affect it. The book draws on insights from various species of primary interest in human and veterinary medicine.
Part 1 Body sodium in context - distribution, functions and regulation: introduction - some problems in context; distribution and concentration of sodium; basic principles; oedema; sodium in brain and CSF; functions of sodium; sodium transport - Na-K ATPase; isoforms. Part 2 Renal sodium regulation: introduction; segmental distribution of sodium reabsorption; endocrine aspects of renal sodium regulation; glomerular filtration; proximal reabsorption; loop of Henle; regulation of ADH release; distal nephron; immaturity of renal function; conclusion. Part 3 Enteric sodium uptake: introduction; enteric sodium transport; enteric sodium regulation; enteric responses to changes in sodium balance; diarrhoea; oral rehydration; sodium; sequestration - "third space"; iatrogenic disturbances; conclusion. Part 4 Behavioural regulation of sodium intake: general issues; experimental approaches; early studies of salt appetite; studies in sodium-depleted sheep; neural aspects; taste; humoral aspects; salt appetite and hypertension; biological role of salt appetite; Na, K and the sodium transport hypothesis of salt appetite; conclusion. Part 5 Physiological basis of nutritional requirements for sodium: introduction; subjectivity, science and sodium intake; sodium requirement and normality - an elusive relationship; attitudes, beliefs and prejudice; definition of requirement - factorial, empirical - and pitfalls; comparative aspects of sodium requirement; rats; cats; dogs; conclusion. Part 6 Comparative aspects of salt and hypertension: introduction; what matters about hypertension?; nutrition and blood pressure - influences other than sodium; calcium; sodium and possible mechanisms of hypertension; effects of hyertension on fluids and electrolytes; pregnancy hypertension; salt and human hypertension; comparative aspects of hypertension; conclusion - salt and hypertension - whose decision?. Part 7 Endocrine effects on normal and abnormal sodium excretion: introduction; adrenal steroids; renin-angiotensin system (RAS); ANP; MSH; Kallikrein-Kinin system. Part 8 Clinical aspects of extracellular volume and sodium concentration: introduction; hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic dehydration; volume excess; oedema; cardiac oedema; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; sodium concentration; hypernatraemia and hyponatraemia; hypernatraemia; hyponatraemia; volume depletion; hypovolaemia and shock; blood; corticosteroids; renal dysfunction. Part 9 Interactions between sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium: introduction; cellular interactions; renal interactions; physiological and clinical implications; conclusion. Part 10 Clinical disturbances of sodium transport: introduction; cystic fibrosis; disorders of muscle excitation; Down's syndrome - Alzheimer's disease; papillary necrosis; polycystic kidney disease; gastric cancer; haemolytic anaemia; Bartter's syndrome. Part 11 Drugs affecting sodium transport and sodium balance. (Part Contents).
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 15.7.1995 |
|---|---|
| Zusatzinfo | 16 illustrations |
| Verlagsort | London |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 159 x 241 mm |
| Themenwelt | Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin ► Kardiologie / Angiologie |
| Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin ► Nephrologie | |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Biochemie | |
| Veterinärmedizin | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-08-040842-7 / 0080408427 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-08-040842-2 / 9780080408422 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
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