Human Medical Experimentation
Greenwood Press (Verlag)
978-1-61069-897-9 (ISBN)
Thanks to medical experiments performed on human subjects, we now have vaccines against smallpox, rabies, and polio. Yet the advances that saved lives too often involved the exploitation of vulnerable populations. Covering the history of human medical experimentation from the time of Hippocrates to today, this work will introduce readers to the topic through a mixture of essays and ready-reference materials. The book covers the experiments themselves; the people, companies, and government agencies that carried them out; the relevant medical and sociopolitical background; and the legislation and other protective measures that arose as a result.
The encyclopedia is divided chronologically into 6 periods: pre-19th century, the 19th century, the pre-World War II 20th century, the World War II era, the Cold War era, and the post-Cold War period to recent times. Each period begins with an introductory essay and ends with a bibliography. Alphabetically arranged entries in each section cover pertinent people, experiments, and topics. The volume is enriched throughout with a wealth of primary sources, such as physicians' descriptions of their experiments. Medical experiments are not just a thing of the past, and readers will also learn about questions and debates related to contemporary efforts to advance medical science.
Frances R. Frankenburg, MD, is professor of psychiatry at the Boston University School of Medicine and chief of inpatient psychiatry at the Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital in Bedford, MA.
Preface
Introduction
Era 1: Pre–19th Century
Introduction
Timeline
Reference Entries
Galen of Pergamon
Harvey, William
Hippocrates of Cos
Hunter, John
Jenner, Edward
Lind, James
Paré, Ambroise
Santorio Sanctorius
Smallpox Inoculation
Transfusion
Documents
Ambroise Paré and the Treatment of Gunshot Wounds (1537)
William Harvey and the Circulation of Blood (1628)
James Lind's Scurvy Experiment (1747)
Edward Jenner's Inoculation Experiment (1798)
Further Reading
Era 2: 19th Century
Introduction
Timeline
Reference Entries
Anesthesiology
Beaumont, William, and Alexis St. Martin
Beriberi Experiments in Japan
Freud, Sigmund
Haffkine, Waldemar Mordecai Wolff
Haldane, John Scott
Halsted, William Stewart
Hansen, Gerhard Armauer
Hookworm
Neisser, Albert
Pasteur, Louis
Sanarelli, Giuseppe
Sims, J. Marion
Venereal Disease Experiments
Von Pettenkofer, Max
Documents
Inhumane Experimentation on African American Slaves (1855)
Louis Pasteur and Rabies (1885)
Further Reading
Era 3: 20th Century to World War II
Introduction
Timeline
Reference Entries
Amoebic Dysentery Experiments at Bilibid Prison
Beriberi Experiments in Malaya
Carrel, Alexis
Castle, William
Elgin State Hospital Experiments
Eugenics
Forssmann, Werner
German Medical Research Ethics
Goldberger, Joseph
Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson
Insulin
Insulin Coma Therapy
Lobotomy
Malariatherapy
Rhoads, Cornelius
Rockefeller, John D.
San Quentin State Prison Experiments
Seizure Therapy
Strong, Richard Pearson
Studies of Rickets and Scurvy
Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis
Yellow Fever Commission
Documents
William Osler and the Importance of Informed Consent (1907)
Albert Leffingwell and the Cruelty of Vivisection (1916)
The Tuskegee Experiments (1932)
Further Reading
Era 4: World War II
Introduction
Timeline
Reference Entries
American Experiments with Malaria
Auschwitz
Becker-Freyseng, Hermann
Blome, Kurt
Brandt, Karl
Buchenwald
Dachau
Doctors' Trial
Hofmann, Albert
Mengele, Josef
Minnesota Starvation Experiment
Nuremberg Code
Nutrition Research in Canada's Aboriginal Communities
Oberheuser, Herta
Ravensbrueck
Stateville Penitentiary Malaria Experiments
Unit 731
Documents
The Activities of Unit 731 (1942)
The Nuremberg Code (1948)
Further Reading
Era 5: Cold War
Introduction
Timeline
Reference Entries
American Bacterial Attacks on U.S. Cities
Atomic Veterans
Aversion Therapy in South Africa
Beecher, Henry
Belmont Report
Boston Project
Cameron, Donald Ewen
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CIA and Mind Control
Declaration of Helsinki
Development of Chlorpromazine
Fernald State School
Heart Surgery and Transplantation
Irradiation of Prisoners' Testicles
Katz, Jay
Kligman, Albert
Lawrence, Ernest and John
Leary, Timothy
Lexington Narcotic Farm
Marshall, Barry
Marshall Islands
Operation Whitecoat
Pappworth, Maurice
Plutonium Experiments
Polio Vaccine Trials
Porton Down
Project Coast
Saenger, Eugene
Sexually Transmitted Disease Experiments in Guatemala
Southam, Chester
Stanley, James
Streptomycin Clinical Trial
Thalidomide
Uranium Miners
Vanderbilt University Nutrition Experiments
Vipeholm Hospital Experiment
Willowbrook Hepatitis Experiments
Documents
Venereal Disease Experimentation in Guatemala (1947)
Parental Notification of Nutrition Experiments at the Fernald State School (1953)
Willowbrook Vaccination Experiment Letter for Parental Consent (1958)
Further Reading
Era 6: Post–Cold War to the Present
Introduction
Timeline
Reference Entries
Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments
Asthma Experiments at Johns Hopkins
AZT Trials in the Third World
Clinical Trials
Commissions to Review Ethical Issues in Research
Common Rule
Gelsinger, Jesse
Informed Consent
Institutional Review Boards
Professional Guinea Pigs
Trovan in Nigeria
Documents
Radiation Experimentation Victims Act (1994)
Problems Facing Institutional Review Boards (1998)
Further Reading
Conclusion
About the Editor and Contributors
Index
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 16.1.2017 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 178 x 254 mm |
| Gewicht | 1021 g |
| Themenwelt | Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Geschichte / Ethik der Medizin |
| ISBN-10 | 1-61069-897-5 / 1610698975 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1-61069-897-9 / 9781610698979 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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