Adverse Reactions to Drugs (eBook)

Linda Beeley, O. L. Wade (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 2. Auflage
240 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-4177-0 (ISBN)

Infos

Adverse Reactions to Drugs, Second Edition focuses on the problems posed by the adverse responses to drugs, as well as drug interactions, dosage, and drug metabolism. The publication first tackles adverse reactions and factors which predispose to adverse drug reactions. Topics include dose adjustment, overdose, renal failure, cumulation, side effects, drug allergy, cumulative overdose, and delayed effects. The text then ponders on drug interactions, including renal excretion, drug metabolism, mutual toxicity, and interactions affecting transport to site of action. The manuscript examines adverse reactions in dental practice, drugs used in pregnancy, the neonate, and lactation, and problems for the pharmaceutical industry before marketing a new drug. Discussions focus on ethical problems of drug studies in man, pregnancy, hemorrhage, oxygen toxicity, chloramphenicol, drugs and lactation, drugs used in dental practice, and local anesthetics. The book then elaborates on monitoring adverse reactions to drugs and the therapeutic audit and drug regulatory bodies and their problems. The publication is a valuable source of data for doctors and dentists wanting to focus on research on the adverse reaction to drugs.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Adverse Reactions to Drugs 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 8
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 10
CHAPTER I. THE DAWN OF CONCERN 12
CHAPTER II. ADVERSE REACTIONS 21
Dose Related Adverse Reactions to Drugs 22
Side effects 22
Secondary effects 24
Idiosyncrasy 24
Drug allergy 27
Long-term Effects 28
Cumulative overdose 29
Delayed effects 31
Conclusion 32
CHAPTER III. IFACTORS WHICH PREDISPOSE TO ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS 34
Overdose 34
Error 34
Dose adjustment 36
Cumulation 36
Relative Overdose 37
Liver disease 39
Renal failure 39
Other diseases 42
Genetic variation 42
CHAPTER IV. DRUG INTERACTIONS 50
Outside the Body 51
Interactions affecting Transport to Site of Action 54
Intracellular transport 58
Renal excretion 60
Drug metabolism 61
Competition at specific receptor sites 64
Mutual Toxicity 66
Conclusion 67
CHAPTER V. ADVERSE REACTIONS IN DENTAL PRACTICE 70
Drugs used in Dental Practice 71
Local anaesthetics 72
Drug Therapy which may be a Hazard in Dental Surgery 73
Oral anti-diabetic drugs 74
Cytotoxic drugs and immunosuppressants 76
CHAPTER VI. DRUGS USED IN PREGNANCY,THE NEONATE AND LACTATION 77
Pregnancy 77
First trimester 77
Second and third trimester 79
Kernicterus 80
Haemolytic anaemia and methaemoglobinaemia 81
Haemorrhage 81
Chloramphenicol 81
Oxygen toxicity 81
Drugs and Lactation 81
CHAPTER VII. PROBLEMS FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY BEFORE MARKETING A NEW DRUG 83
Animal Studies 84
Human Studies 87
Later studies in man 88
Ethical problems of drug studies in man 89
The Supervision of Studies in Animals and Man 92
CHAPTER VIII. MONITORING ADVERSE REACTIONS TODRUGS AND THE THERAPEUTIC AUDIT 94
The purpose of monitoring 94
Spontaneous monitoring systems 95
Intensive surveillance 96
Record linkage 97
International cooperation 98
The need for a therapeutic audit 98
Diiferences between doctors 99
Changes of prescribing with time 101
Geographical differences in prescribing 105
International differences in prescribing 110
CHAPTER IX. DRUG REGULATORY BODIES AND THEIR PROBLEMS 118
The Philosophy of Drug Regulatory Bodies 118
Features of Some National Drug Regulatory Bodies 119
The Problems of Drug Regulatory Bodies 125
Inhibition of innovation 126
The glare of publicity 127
Limitations 130
CHAPTER X. THE FUTURE 131
1. New developments in the assessment of drugs 132
2. Operational research 132
3. Improvement in the accessibility of information on drugs 133
4. Regulatory bodies 134
5. Changes in the law 135
6. Changes in attitudes 136
APPENDIX I: ADVERSE REACTIONS TO DRUGS 137
ALIMENTARY SYSTEM 137
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 138
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS 139
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 142
NERVOUS SYSTEM 143
GENITAL SYSTEM 150
INFECTIONS 152
ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS 152
METABOLISM 158
MALIGNANT DISEASE 160
VITAMINS AND MINERALS 161
GOUT AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS 162
DRUGS ACTING ON MOUTH AND THROAT 163
DRUGS ACTING ON THE EYE (Topical) 163
DRUGS USED ON THE SKIN 164
VACCINES AND RELATED PRODUCTS 165
APPENDIX II: DRUG INDUCED DISEASE 167
ALIMENTARY SYSTEM 167
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 169
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 170
GENITO-URINARY SYSTEM 176
ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS 177
BLOOD DISEASES 179
SKIN REACTIONS 181
BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR APPENDIX II 186
APPENDIX III: DRUG INTERACTION TABLES 188
HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 192
TRANQUILLISERS 192
ANTIDEPRESSANTS 192
LITHIUM CARBONATE 193
ANTICONVULSANTS 193
ANTI-PARKINSON DRUGS 194
OTHER ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS 197
APPENDIX IV: DRUGS IN PREGNANCY 201
NERVOUS SYSTEM 201
GENITAL SYSTEM 205
INFECTIONS 206
METABOLISM 208
MALIGNANT DISEASE AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS 209
VITAMINS 209
VACCINES 210
LACTATION 210
REFERENCES 212
INDEX 220
DRUG INDEX 230

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Pharmakologie / Pharmakotherapie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 2. Studienabschnitt (Klinik) ► Pharmakologie / Toxikologie
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-4177-2 / 1483141772
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-4177-0 / 9781483141770