Drugs and the Eye (eBook)

Sponsored by the British Optical Association

B. Cox, Janet Vale (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
134 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-9188-1 (ISBN)

Infos

Drugs and the Eye describes the mechanism of drug action in the eye. This book is composed of 14 chapters that discuss the practical aspects of drug use, the application of first aid, emergency measures, and legal aspects of the sale and supply of drugs. Some of the topics covered in the book are the anatomy and physiology of the eye, sites receiving cholinergic innervation, drug action at the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors; definition and identification of cycloplegic drugs; mode of action of atropine; use of mydriatics; muscarinic blocking drugs; and precautions with homatropine. Other chapters examine the dynamics and structure of sympathomimetic drugs, as well as the molecular structure and mode of action of cocaine. These topics are followed by discussions on the stimulation of the parasympathetic nerve by different types of miotics and the role of anticholinesterases in the eye. The final chapters look into the use of miotics to reverse mydriasis. The book can provide useful information to ophthalmic opticians, optometrists, students, and researchers.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Drugs and the Eye: Sponsored by the British Optical Association 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Preface 6
Chapter 1. Anatomy and Physiology 10
THE CILIARY MUSCLE 12
INNERVATION OF THE IRIS AND CILIARY MUSCLE 12
NEUROHUMOURAL TRANSMISSION AND THE RECEPTOR THEORY OF DRUG ACTION 16
SITES RECEIVING CHOLINERGIC INNERVATION 17
DRUG ACTION AT THE MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR 21
DRUG ACTION AT THE NICOTINIC RECEPTORS 21
SITES RECEIVING ADRENERGIC INNERVATION 22
Chapter 2. Factors Affecting Drug Absorption 26
Chapter 3. Cycloplegics 30
Atropine 30
Homatropine 39
Cyclopentolate 41
Hyoscine 43
Dibutoline 44
Oxyphenonium 45
Lachesine 45
Tropicamide 45
Chapter 4. Mydriatics 46
THE MUSCARINIC BLOCKING DRUGS 47
THE SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS 48
Chapter 5. Miotics 54
DIRECT ACTING MIOTICS 54
ANTICHOLINESTERASES 58
Chapter 6. Local Anaesthetics 64
METHODS OF APPLICATION 64
MODE OF ACTION 66
STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY 69
ONSET AND DURATION OF ANAESTHESIA 72
ABSORPTION, METABOLISM AND EXCRETION 72
TOXICITY 73
Chapter 7. Staining Agents 78
Fluorescein 78
Rose bengal 80
Chapter 8. Antimicrobial Agents 82
The sulphonamides 82
Propamidine and dibromopropamidine isethionate 83
Antibiotics 84
Chapter 9. Solutions used in Contact Lens Work 86
Hard contact lenses 87
Soft contact lenses 91
Chapter 10. Decongestants, Antihistamines and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds 92
Decongestants 92
Antihistamines 93
Anti-inflammatory compounds 94
Chapter 11. Ocular Effects of Drugs Used Systemically 96
Chapter 12. First Aid and Emergency Measures used by the Ophthalmic Optician 102
Foreign bodies 102
Other injuries 103
Harmful chemical agents 103
Chapter 13. Formulation of Eye Preparations 106
Eye drops 106
Eye ointments 113
Eye lotions 114
Chapter 14. Legal Aspects of Sale and Supply of Drugs 116
Pharmacy and Poisons Act, 1933 117
The Poisons List1 118
Poisons Rules2 118
Availability of poisons to the optician 119
Poisons in Part 1 only 119
Poisons in the First Schedule to the Rules (SI) 120
Poisons in the Fourth Schedule (S4) 121
Misuse of Drugs Act, 1971 124
Therapeutic Substances Act (TSA), 1956 124
Appendix 126
Passage of drugs across the cornea 126
Index 130

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Chirurgie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-9188-5 / 1483191885
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-9188-1 / 9781483191881