Netter's Essential Histology integrates gross anatomy and embryology with classic histology slides and cutting-edge scanning electron microscopy to give you a rich visual understanding of this complex subject. This histology textbook-atlas has a strong anatomy foundation and utilizes a variety of visual elements - including Netter illustrations and light and electron micrographs - to teach you the most indispensible histologic concepts and their clinical relevance. Excellent as both a reference and a review, Netter's Essential Histology will serve you well at any stage of your healthcare career.
- Gain a rich understanding of this vital subject through the succinct explanatory histology text.
- Learn to recognize both normal and diseased structures at the microscopic level with the aid of succinct explanatory text as well as numerous clinical boxes.
- Access the entire contents and ancillary components online at Student Consult, view images and histology slides at different magnifications, and watch new narrated video overviews of each chapter.
- Take your learning one step further with the purchase of Netter's Histology Flash Cards (sold separately), designed to reinforce your understanding of how the human body works in health as well as illness and injury.
- Thoroughly comprehend how function is linked to structure through brand-new electron micrographs, many of which have been enhanced and colorized to show ultra-structures in 3D.
Front cover 1
Netter's Essential Histology 5
Copyright page 6
DEDICATION 7
PREFACE 9
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 11
ABOUT THE AUTHORS 13
FRANK H. NETTER, MD 15
Instructions for online access 538
Table of Contents 17
I: CELLS AND TISSUES 19
1: THE CELL 19
1.1 OVERVIEW 20
1.2 MICROSCOPES AND TECHNIQUES 21
1.3 DIFFERENT APPEARANCES OF CELLS ACCORDING TO TECHNIQUE 22
1.4 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELL MEMBRANES 23
1.5 INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS: ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF TIGHT JUNCTIONS 24
1.6 INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS: ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ANCHORING JUNCTIONS 25
1.7 INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS: ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GAP JUNCTIONS 26
1.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NUCLEUS AND NUCLEOLUS 27
1.9 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NUCLEUS: CHROMATIN AND MATRIX 28
1.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE 29
1.11 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MITOCHONDRIA 30
1.12 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MITOCHONDRIAL CRISTAE AND MATRIX 31
1.13 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 32
1.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 33
1.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RIBOSOMES 34
1.16 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE GOLGI COMPLEX 35
1.17 FUNCTIONS OF THE GOLGI COMPLEX 36
1.18 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LYSOSOMES 37
1.19 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PEROXISOMES 38
1.20 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF INCLUSIONS: GLYCOGEN 39
1.21 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF INCLUSIONS: LIPID DROPLETS 40
1.22 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CYTOPLASMIC VESICLES: ENDOCYTOSIS, TRANSCYTOSIS, AND EXOCYTOSIS 41
1.23 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MICROTUBULES 42
1.24 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CYTOPLASMIC FILAMENTS 43
1.25 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CENTROSOME AND CENTRIOLES 44
1.26 THE CELL CYCLE, MITOSIS, AND OTHER CELLULAR PROCESSES 45
1.27 SPECIALIZATIONS OF THE CELL SURFACE: CILIA AND BASAL BODIES 46
2: EPITHELIUM AND EXOCRINE GLANDS 47
2.1 OVERVIEW 48
2.2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM 49
2.3 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM 50
2.4 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM 51
2.5 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM 52
2.6 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM 53
2.7 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM 54
2.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM 55
2.9 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL AND COLUMNAR EPITHELIA 56
2.10 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM (UROTHELIUM) 57
2.11 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE UROTHELIUM 58
2.12 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BASEMENT MEMBRANES 59
2.13 OVERVIEW OF EXOCRINE GLANDS 60
2.14 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SEROUS CELLS 61
2.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SEROUS CELLS 62
2.16 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MUCOUS CELLS 63
2.17 STRUCTURE AND HISTOLOGY OF RESTING MAMMARY GLANDS 64
2.18 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF LACTATING (ACTIVE) MAMMARY GLANDS 65
2.19 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MAMMARY GLAND ALVEOLI 66
2.20 HISTOLOGY OF ATROPHIC MAMMARY GLANDS 67
2.21 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MAMMARY GLAND DUCTS 68
3: CONNECTIVE TISSUE 69
3.1 OVERVIEW 70
3.2 CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER 71
3.3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MESENCHYMAL CELLS 72
3.4 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FIBROBLASTS 73
3.5 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FIBROBLASTS 74
3.6 SYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN 75
3.7 TYPES OF COLLAGEN AND ITS ULTRASTRUCTURE 76
3.8 HISTOLOGY OF ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE 77
3.9 HISTOLOGY OF RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE 78
3.10 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF MAST CELLS 79
3.11 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MAST CELLS 80
3.12 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF PLASMA CELLS 81
3.13 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PLASMA CELLS 82
3.14 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MACROPHAGES 83
3.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MACROPHAGES 84
3.16 HISTOLOGY OF ADIPOSE TISSUE 85
3.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF UNILOCULAR ADIPOCYTES IN WHITE FAT 86
3.18 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MULTILOCULAR ADIPOCYTES IN BROWN FAT 87
3.19 HISTOLOGY OF TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS 88
4: MUSCLE TISSUE 89
4.1 OVERVIEW 90
4.2 EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS 91
4.3 ORGANIZATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE 92
4.4 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS 93
4.5 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS IN LONGITUDINAL SECTION 94
4.6 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS IN TRANSVERSE SECTION 95
4.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SARCOTUBULAR SYSTEM IN SKELETAL MUSCLE 96
4.8 THE SARCOMERE AND MYOFILAMENTS IN CONTRACTION 97
4.9 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MYOFILAMENTS IN TRANSVERSE SECTION 98
4.10 INTRINSIC BLOOD SUPPLY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE 99
4.11 SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES 100
4.12 HISTOCHEMISTRY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES 101
4.13 HIGH-RESOLUTION SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE 102
4.14 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE MUSCLE-TENDON JUNCTION 103
4.15 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SATELLITE CELLS 104
4.16 ORGANIZATION OF NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS 105
4.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS 106
4.18 HISTOLOGY OF CARDIAC MUSCLE 107
4.19 ULTRASTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF CARDIAC MUSCLE 108
4.20 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CARDIAC MUSCLE IN LONGITUDINAL SECTION 109
4.21 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CARDIAC MUSCLE IN TRANSVERSE SECTION 110
4.22 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF INTERCALATED DISCS 111
4.23 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ATRIAL MYOCYTES 112
4.24 HISTOLOGY OF PURKINJE FIBERS 113
4.25 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PURKINJE FIBERS 114
4.26 HISTOLOGY OF SMOOTH MUSCLE 115
4.27 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SMOOTH MUSCLE 116
4.28 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SMOOTH MUSCLE IN TRANSVERSE SECTION 117
4.29 INNERVATION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE 118
5: NERVOUS TISSUE 119
5.1 OVERVIEW 120
5.2 EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT 121
5.3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE MENINGES 122
5.4 NEUROCYTOLOGY: CYTOARCHITECTURE 123
5.5 NEUROCYTOLOGY: STAINING METHODS 124
5.6 STRUCTURE OF A NEURON 125
5.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A NEURON IN GRAY MATTER IN RELATION TO SURROUNDING STRUCTURES 126
5.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A SPINAL CORD NEURON SOMA 127
5.9 TYPES OF SYNAPSES 128
5.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SYNAPSES 129
5.11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GLIAL CELLS 130
5.12 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ASTROCYTES 131
5.13 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER 132
5.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER 133
5.15 MYELINATION OF AXONS IN THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS 134
5.16 OLIGODENDROCYTES AND MYELINATION IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 135
5.17 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE EPENDYMA 136
5.18 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CHOROID PLEXUS 137
5.19 CYTOARCHITECTURE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX 138
5.20 CYTOARCHITECTURE OF THE CEREBELLUM 139
5.21 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE CEREBELLUM 140
5.22 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE SPINAL CORD 141
5.23 HISTOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL NERVES 142
5.24 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MYELINATED AND UNMYELINATED NERVE FIBERS IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 143
5.25 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MYELINATED NERVE FIBERS IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 144
5.26 NERVE FIBERS IN LONGITUDINAL SECTION AND NODES OF RANVIER IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 145
5.27 HISTOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL AUTONOMIC GANGLIA 146
5.28 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PERIPHERAL GANGLIA 147
5.29 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PERINEURIUM 148
6: CARTILAGE AND BONE 149
6.1 OVERVIEW 150
6.2 STRUCTURE OF CARTILAGE 151
6.3 HISTOLOGY OF HYALINE CARTILAGE 152
6.4 COMPOSITION OF HYALINE CARTILAGE MATRIX 153
6.5 HISTOLOGY OF FIBROCARTILAGE 154
6.6 HISTOLOGY OF ELASTIC CARTILAGE 155
6.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CHONDROCYTES 156
6.8 OVERVIEW OF BONE FORMATION (OSTEOGENESIS) 157
6.9 INTRAMEMBRANOUS BONE FORMATION 158
6.10 ENDOCHONDRAL BONE FORMATION 159
6.11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GROWTH PLATES 160
6.12 HISTOLOGY OF THE GROWTH PLATE AND THE METAPHYSIS 161
6.13 HISTOLOGY OF TRABECULAR BONE DEPOSITION AND RESORPTION 162
6.14 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE CELLS OF TRABECULAR BONE 163
6.15 MICROARCHITECTURE OF COMPACT BONE 164
6.16 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF SPONGY AND COMPACT BONE 165
6.17 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PERIOSTEUM 166
6.18 FORMATION AND COMPOSITION OF COLLAGEN 167
6.19 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF OSTEOBLASTS 168
6.20 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF OSTEOCYTES 169
6.21 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF OSTEOCLASTS 170
6.22 BONE FRACTURE REPAIR: EARLY EVENTS 171
6.23 BONE FRACTURE REPAIR: INTERMEDIATE AND LATE EVENTS 172
6.24 HISTOLOGY OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS 173
6.25 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE SYNOVIUM 174
7: BLOOD AND BONE MARROW 175
7.1 OVERVIEW 176
7.2 FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD 177
7.3 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ERYTHROCYTES 178
7.4 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NEUTROPHILS 179
7.5 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF EOSINOPHILS 180
7.6 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BASOPHILS 181
7.7 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LYMPHOCYTES 182
7.8 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MONOCYTES 183
7.9 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PLATELETS 184
7.10 HISTOLOGY OF BONE MARROW 185
7.11 METHODS OF STUDYING BONE MARROW 186
7.12 HEMATOPOIESIS 187
7.13 ERYTHROPOIESIS 188
7.14 GRANULOCYTOPOIESIS 189
7.15 MONOCYTOPOIESIS, LYMPHOCYTOPOIESIS, AND THROMBOCYTOPOIESIS 190
II: SYSTEMS 191
8: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 191
8.1 OVERVIEW 192
8.2 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE HEART WALL AND PERICARDIUM 193
8.3 HISTOLOGY OF THE ENDOCARDIUM AND MYOCARDIUM 194
8.4 HISTOLOGY OF HEART VALVES 195
8.5 CLASSIFICATION OF ARTERIES AND VEINS 196
8.6 HISTOLOGY OF ELASTIC ARTERIES 197
8.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE AORTA 198
8.8 HISTOLOGY OF LARGE VEINS: THE VENAE CAVAE 199
8.9 HISTOLOGY OF MUSCULAR ARTERIES AND VEINS 200
8.10 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CORONARY ARTERIES 201
8.11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ARTERIOLES 202
8.12 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ARTERIOLES AND VENULES 203
8.13 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE 204
8.14 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF VENULES, VEINS, AND VENOUS VALVES 205
8.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ENDOTHELIUM 206
8.16 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CAPILLARIES 207
8.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF TIGHT CAPILLARIES 208
8.18 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FENESTRATED CAPILLARIES 209
8.19 INNERVATION OF BLOOD VESSELS 210
8.20 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES 211
8.21 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE THORACIC DUCT 212
9: LYMPHOID SYSTEM 213
9.1 OVERVIEW 214
9.2 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF LYMPHATIC VESSELS 215
9.3 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF MUCOSAASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE 216
9.4 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LYMPH NODES 217
9.5 HISTOLOGY OF LYMPH NODES: CORTEX AND PARACORTEX 218
9.6 HISTOLOGY OF LYMPH NODES: MEDULLA AND SINUSES 219
9.7 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF HIGH ENDOTHELIAL VENULES 220
9.8 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF TONSILS 221
9.9 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF TONSILS 222
9.10 DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF THE THYMUS 223
9.11 HISTOLOGY OF THE THYMUS 224
9.12 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE BLOOD-THYMUS BARRIER 225
9.13 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE THYMIC MEDULLA AND HASSALL CORPUSCLES 226
9.14 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SPLEEN 227
9.15 HISTOLOGY OF THE SPLEEN 228
9.16 BLOOD SUPPLY TO WHITE PULP 229
9.17 BLOOD SUPPLY TO RED PULP 230
10: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 231
10.1 OVERVIEW 232
10.2 ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY 233
10.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE PITUITARY 234
10.4 DIVISIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PITUITARY 235
10.5 BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE PITUITARY 236
10.6 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE PITUITARY LOBES 237
10.7 HISTOLOGY OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE: CHROMOPHILS AND CHROMOPHOBES 238
10.8 IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY OF CELLS OF THE PARS DISTALIS 239
10.9 FUNCTIONS OF THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS 240
10.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE 241
10.11 FUNCTIONS OF THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIS 242
10.12 HISTOLOGY OF THE POSTERIOR LOBE 243
10.13 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE POSTERIOR LOBE 244
10.14 OVERVIEW OF THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID 245
10.15 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE THYROID 246
10.16 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THYROID FOLLICULAR CELLS 247
10.17 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE PARATHYROID 248
10.18 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PARATHYROID CHIEF CELLS 249
10.19 OVERVIEW OF THE ADRENAL AND ITS BLOOD SUPPLY 250
10.20 DEVELOPMENT OF THE ADRENAL 251
10.21 HISTOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE ADRENAL 252
10.22 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX AND MEDULLA 253
10.23 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SPONGIOCYTES IN THE ZONA FASCICULATA 254
10.24 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CHROMAFFIN CELLS IN THE ADRENAL MEDULLA 255
10.25 OVERVIEW AND HISTOLOGY OF ISLETS OF LANGERHANS 256
10.26 IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY OF ISLETS OF LANGERHANS 257
10.27 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ISLETS OF LANGERHANS 258
10.28 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BETA CELLS 259
10.29 HISTOLOGY OF THE PINEAL 260
11: INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 261
11.1 OVERVIEW 262
11.2 HISTOLOGY OF THICK AND THIN SKIN 263
11.3 HISTOLOGY OF THE EPIDERMIS 264
11.4 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE EPIDERMIS 265
11.5 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF KERATINOCYTES 266
11.6 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF EPIDERMAL MELANOCYTES 267
11.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MELANOCYTES AND MELANOGENESIS 268
11.8 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS 269
11.9 HISTOLOGY AND VASCULATURE OF THE DERMIS 270
11.10 HISTOLOGY AND INNERVATION OF THE DERMIS 271
11.11 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS 272
11.12 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS 273
11.13 HISTOLOGY OF PILOSEBACEOUS UNITS: HAIR 274
11.14 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF PILOSEBACEOUS UNITS: HAIR FOLLICLES AND HAIR GROWTH 275
11.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HAIR AND ITS FOLLICLES 276
11.16 HISTOLOGY OF SEBACEOUS GLANDS AND ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLES 277
11.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SEBACEOUS GLANDS 278
11.18 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF NAILS 279
11.19 HISTOLOGY OF PSORIASIS 280
12: UPPER DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 281
12.1 OVERVIEW 282
12.2 HISTOLOGY OF THE LIPS: SKIN AND VERMILION BORDER 283
12.3 HISTOLOGY OF THE LIPS: ORAL MUCOSA AND CENTRAL CORE 284
12.4 HISTOLOGY OF THE ORAL CAVITY: CHEEK AND GINGIVA 285
12.5 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE TONGUE 286
12.6 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF LINGUAL PAPILLAE 287
12.7 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PALATE 288
12.8 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF TEETH 289
12.9 DEVELOPMENT AND HISTOLOGY OF TEETH: AMELOBLASTS AND ODONTOBLASTS 290
12.10 HISTOLOGY OF TEETH: DENTIN AND ENAMEL 291
12.11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS 292
12.12 HISTOLOGY OF PAROTID GLANDS 293
12.13 HISTOLOGY OF MIXED SALIVARY (SUBMANDIBULAR AND SUBLINGUAL) GLANDS 294
12.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF STRIATED DUCTS 295
12.15 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ESOPHAGUS 296
12.16 HISTOLOGY OF THE ESOPHAGUS: MUCOSA 297
12.17 HISTOLOGY OF MUCOUS GLANDS OF THE ESOPHAGUS 298
12.18 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE ESOPHAGUS: MUSCULARIS EXTERNA AND ADVENTITIA 299
12.19 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION 300
12.20 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 301
13: LOWER DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 303
13.1 DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREGUT, MIDGUT, AND HINDGUT 304
13.2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE STOMACH 305
13.3 HISTOLOGY OF THE STOMACH: GASTRIC GLANDS AND PITS 306
13.4 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF SURFACE MUCOUS AND MUCOUS NECK CELLS 307
13.5 HISTOLOGY OF GASTRIC CHIEF CELLS AND PARIETAL CELLS 308
13.6 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PARIETAL CELLS 309
13.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GASTRIC CHIEF CELLS 310
13.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS 311
13.9 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SEROSA AND MUSCULARIS EXTERNA 312
13.10 HISTOLOGY OF THE GASTRODUODENAL JUNCTION 313
13.11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE 314
13.12 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE DUODENUM 315
13.13 HISTOLOGY OF THE JEJUNUM 316
13.14 HISTOLOGY OF THE ILEUM 317
13.15 HISTOLOGY AND CELL RENEWAL OF THE EPITHELIUM OF THE SMALL INTESTINE 318
13.16 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ENTEROCYTES 319
13.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GOBLET CELLS 320
13.18 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PANETH CELLS 321
13.19 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE 322
13.20 HISTOLOGY OF THE LARGE INTESTINE 323
13.21 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE APPENDIX 324
13.22 HISTOLOGY OF THE APPENDIX 325
13.23 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ANORECTAL JUNCTION 326
13.24 HISTOLOGY OF THE ANORECTAL JUNCTION 327
14: LIVER, GALLBLADDER, AND EXOCRINE PANCREAS 329
14.1 OVERVIEW OF THE LIVER 330
14.2 CLASSIC HEPATIC LOBULES 331
14.3 PORTAL TRIADS WITH BLOOD AND BILE SUPPLY 332
14.4 HISTOLOGY OF THE PORTAL TRACT AND CENTRAL VEIN 333
14.5 HISTOLOGIC ARRANGEMENT OF HEPATIC PARENCHYMA 334
14.6 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE LIVER ACINUS 335
14.7 HISTOLOGY OF GLISSON CAPSULE 336
14.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HEPATOCYTES 337
14.9 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF HEPATOCYTES 338
14.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HEPATIC SINUSOIDS 339
14.11 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF KUPFFER CELLS 340
14.12 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SPACE OF DISSÉ 341
14.13 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS 342
14.14 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE HEPATIC BILIARY DUCT SYSTEM 343
14.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BILE CANALICULI 344
14.16 OVERVIEW OF THE GALLBLADDER 345
14.17 HISTOLOGY OF THE GALLBLADDER WALL 346
14.18 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE GALLBLADDER MUCOSA 347
14.19 OVERVIEW OF THE PANCREAS 348
14.20 HISTOLOGY OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS: DUCTS 349
14.21 HISTOLOGY OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS: ACINI 350
14.22 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS 351
14.23 DEVELOPMENT OF THE PANCREAS 352
15: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 353
15.1 OVERVIEW 354
15.2 STRUCTURE OF THE NASAL CAVITIES AND PARANASAL SINUSES 355
15.3 HISTOLOGY OF THE NASAL CAVITIES AND PARANASAL SINUSES 356
15.4 HISTOLOGY OF THE EPIGLOTTIS 357
15.5 HISTOLOGY OF THE LARYNX AND VOCAL CORDS 358
15.6 STRUCTURE OF THE TRACHEA AND MAJOR BRONCHI 359
15.7 HISTOLOGY OF THE TRACHEA 360
15.8 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF TRACHEAL AND BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM 361
15.9 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF TRACHEAL AND BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM 362
15.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RESPIRATORY CILIA 363
15.11 HISTOLOGY OF THE BRONCHI 364
15.12 STRUCTURE OF INTRAPULMONARY AIRWAYS 365
15.13 HISTOLOGY OF TERMINAL AND RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES 366
15.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF BRONCHIOLAR EPITHELIUM: CLARA CELLS 367
15.15 INTRAPULMONARY BLOOD CIRCULATION 368
15.16 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PULMONARY ALVEOLI 369
15.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE BLOOD-AIR BARRIER 370
15.18 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF TYPE II PNEUMOCYTES 371
15.19 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES 372
15.20 DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 373
16: URINARY SYSTEM 375
16.1 OVERVIEW 376
16.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE RENAL VASCULATURE 377
16.3 ANATOMY OF THE URINIFEROUS TUBULE (NEPHRON AND COLLECTING DUCT) 378
16.4 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE RENAL CORTEX 379
16.5 HISTOLOGY OF RENAL CORPUSCLES 380
16.6 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF RENAL CORPUSCLES 381
16.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RENAL CORPUSCLES 382
16.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RENAL FILTRATION BARRIER 383
16.9 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF RENAL PODOCYTES 384
16.10 HISTOLOGY OF PROXIMAL AND DISTAL TUBULES 385
16.11 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PROXIMAL AND DISTAL TUBULES 386
16.12 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PROXIMAL TUBULES 387
16.13 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR COMPLEX 388
16.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS OF THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR COMPLEX 389
16.15 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LOOPS OF HENLE (THIN SEGMENTS) 390
16.16 HISTOLOGY OF COLLECTING DUCTS 391
16.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF COLLECTING DUCTS 392
16.18 PRONEPHROS, MESONEPHROS, AND METANEPHROS 393
16.19 DEVELOPMENT OF THE METANEPHROS 394
16.20 HISTOLOGY OF THE URETERS AND URINARY BLADDER 395
16.21 HISTOLOGY OF THE URETERS 396
16.22 HISTOLOGY OF THE URINARY BLADDER 397
16.23 HISTOLOGY OF THE MALE AND FEMALE URETHRA 398
17: MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 399
17.1 OVERVIEW 400
17.2 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF TESTES 401
17.3 TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT AND SPERMATOGENESIS 402
17.4 HISTOLOGY OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES 403
17.5 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES AND SPERMATOGENESIS 404
17.6 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF GERM CELLS AND EARLY SPERMIOGENESIS 405
17.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF GERM CELLS AND LATER SPERMIOGENESIS 406
17.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SERTOLI CELLS 407
17.9 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LEYDIG CELLS 408
17.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LEYDIG CELLS 409
17.11 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE EPIDIDYMIS 410
17.12 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE EPIDIDYMIS 411
17.13 HISTOLOGY OF THE DUCTUS (VAS) DEFERENS 412
17.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE DUCTUS (VAS) DEFERENS 413
17.15 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE PROSTATE AND SEMINAL VESICLES 414
17.16 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE PROSTATE 415
17.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE PROSTATE 416
17.18 HISTOLOGY OF SEMINAL VESICLES 417
17.19 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE URETHRA AND PENIS 418
17.20 HISTOLOGY OF THE PENIS 419
17.21 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE PENIS 420
18: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 421
18.1 OVERVIEW 422
18.2 OVARIAN STRUCTURES AND DEVELOPMENT 423
18.3 HISTOLOGY OF THE OVARIAN CORTEX 424
18.4 HISTOLOGY OF DEVELOPING OVARIAN FOLLICLES 425
18.5 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF DEVELOPING OVARIAN FOLLICLES 426
18.6 HISTOLOGY OF MATURE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES 427
18.7 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM 428
18.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF STEROID-SECRETING CELLS IN THE OVARY 429
18.9 HISTOLOGY OF ATRETIC FOLLICLES AND SENILE OVARIES 430
18.10 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FALLOPIAN TUBES 431
18.11 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF FALLOPIAN TUBES 432
18.12 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE EPITHELIUM OF FALLOPIAN TUBES 433
18.13 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE UTERUS 434
18.14 ENDOMETRIAL BLOOD SUPPLY 435
18.15 THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE: HISTOLOGIC AND HORMONAL CHANGES 436
18.16 HISTOLOGY OF THE ENDOMETRIUM: FOLLICULAR PHASE 437
18.17 HISTOLOGY OF THE ENDOMETRIUM: LUTEAL PHASE 438
18.18 HISTOLOGY OF THE CERVIX 439
18.19 HISTOLOGY OF THE VAGINA 440
18.20 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA 441
18.21 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PLACENTA 442
18.22 HISTOLOGY OF THE PLACENTA 443
18.23 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PLACENTAL BARRIER 444
18.24 HISTOLOGY OF THE UMBILICAL CORD 445
18.25 DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF MAMMARY GLANDS 446
18.26 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF NIPPLES AND AREOLAE 447
19: EYE AND ADNEXA 449
19.1 OVERVIEW 450
19.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE EYE 451
19.3 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE CORNEA 452
19.4 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CORNEAL STROMA 453
19.5 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE IRIS 454
19.6 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE LENS 455
19.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LENS FIBERS 456
19.8 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE CILIARY BODY 457
19.9 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE CILIARY BODY AND ZONULAR FIBERS 458
19.10 HISTOLOGY OF THE CANAL OF SCHLEMM AND DRAINAGE OF AQUEOUS HUMOR 459
19.11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RETINA 460
19.12 HISTOLOGY OF THE RETINA 461
19.13 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF RETINAL PHOTORECEPTORS 462
19.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MEMBRANOUS DISCS 463
19.15 REGIONAL SPECIALIZATIONS OF THE RETINA 464
19.16 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM 465
19.17 BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE RETINA 466
19.18 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF EYELIDS: CUTANEOUS SURFACE AND CORE 467
19.19 STRUCTURE OF EYELIDS: FREE MARGIN AND CONJUNCTIVAL SURFACE 468
19.20 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LACRIMAL GLANDS 469
20: SPECIAL SENSES 471
20.1 OVERVIEW 472
20.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE EAR 473
20.3 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS 474
20.4 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE MIDDLE EAR AND AUDITORY TUBE 475
20.5 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE COCHLEA 476
20.6 HISTOLOGY OF THE ORGAN OF CORTI 477
20.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF COCHLEAR HAIR CELLS 478
20.8 HISTOLOGY OF VESTIBULAR RECEPTORS: CRISTA AMPULLARIS AND MACULA 479
20.9 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE CRISTA AMPULLARIS 480
20.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VESTIBULAR HAIR CELLS 481
20.11 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF OLFACTORY MUCOSA 482
20.12 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM 483
20.13 STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF TASTE BUDS 484
20.14 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF TASTE BUDS 485
20.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF TASTE BUDS 486
20.16 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CUTANEOUS SENSORY RECEPTORS 487
20.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MERKEL CELL–NEURITE COMPLEXES 488
20.18 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF MEISSNER AND PACINIAN CORPUSCLES 489
20.19 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF INTEROCEPTORS: CAROTID BODY AND SINUS 490
20.20 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF A CAROTID BODY 491
20.21 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF MUSCLE SPINDLES 492
20.22 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MUSCLE SPINDLES 493
20.23 INNERVATION OF MUSCLE SPINDLES 494
20.24 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GOLGI TENDON ORGANS 495
Appendix: STAINING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES479 497
Index 499
THE CELL
1.2. Microscopes and Techniques
1.3. Different Appearances of Cells According to Technique
1.4. Ultrastructure and Function of Cell Membranes
1.5. Intercellular Junctions: Ultrastructure and Function of Tight Junctions
1.6. Intercellular Junctions: Ultrastructure and Function of Anchoring Junctions
1.7. Intercellular Junctions: Ultrastructure and Function of Gap Junctions
1.8. Ultrastructure and Function of the Nucleus and Nucleolus
1.9. Ultrastructure and Function of the Nucleus: Chromatin and Matrix
1.10. Ultrastructure and Function of the Nuclear Envelope
1.11. Ultrastructure and Function of Mitochondria
1.12. Ultrastructure and Function of Mitochondrial Cristae and Matrix
1.13. Ultrastructure and Function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
1.14. Ultrastructure and Function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
1.15. Ultrastructure and Function of Ribosomes
1.16. Ultrastructure of the Golgi Complex
1.17. Functions of the Golgi Complex
1.18. Ultrastructure and Function of Lysosomes
1.19. Ultrastructure and Function of Peroxisomes
1.20. Ultrastructure and Function of Inclusions: Glycogen
1.21. Ultrastructure and Function of Inclusions: Lipid Droplets
1.22. Ultrastructure and Function of Cytoplasmic Vesicles: Endocytosis, Transcytosis, and Exocytosis
1.23. Ultrastructure and Function of Microtubules
1.24. Ultrastructure and Function of Cytoplasmic Filaments
1.25. Ultrastructure and Function of the Centrosome and Centrioles
1.26. The Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Other Cellular Processes
1.27. Specializations of the Cell Surface: Cilia and Basal Bodies
1.1 OVERVIEW
The human body is organized into four basic tissues (epithelial, muscle, nervous, and connective) that consist of cells and associated extracellular matrix. The cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms. The body contains about 60 × 1012 cells—some 200 different types whose size and shape vary widely—but all have a common structural plan. The eukaryotic cell is a mass of protoplasm surrounded by an external plasma (limiting) membrane. The two components of the protoplasm are the nucleus, which holds the genome consisting of chromosomes, and the cytoplasm, a complex aqueous gel made of water (about 70%), proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and organic and inorganic molecules. Organelles (specialized structures with functional capability) and inclusions (relatively inert, transitory structures) are in the cytoplasm. Except for mature erythrocytes, without a nucleus, most cells have one nucleus that conforms to the cell’s shape. A few cells, such as osteoclasts and skeletal muscle cells, may be multinucleated. A nuclear envelope invests the nucleus, whose substance, called chromatin, contains one or more nucleoli. Internal cell structure is modified to reflect function: Muscle cells, for example, are modified for contraction; nerve cells (or neurons), for conduction; connective tissue cells such as fibroblasts, for support; and glandular epithelial cells, for secretion.
HISTORICAL POINT
German scientists—biologist Theodor Schwann (1810–1882) and botanist Matthias Schleiden (1804–1881)—proposed the cell theory, which states that all living organisms are composed of similar units of organization called cells. For his observations on normal animal cells, Schwann is recognized as the father of modern histology. Later, renowned German pathologist Rudolph Virchow (1821–1902) proposed that disease originates in cells, not in tissues or organs. Because he was the first to use microscopes and histologic specimens as a basis for the study of pathology, he is credited as the founder of modern cytopathology. With advances in medical science more than a century later, knowing the light and electron microscopic appearance of cells has become fundamental to diagnosis, treatment, and clinical management of many common and rare diseases.
1.2 MICROSCOPES AND TECHNIQUES
Histology is the study of body tissues and cells, their constituents. Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye, so the primary tool used to study them is the microscope. It produces enlarged images of cells and enhances contrast for resolving details. Of several kinds of microscopes, two major ones are light and electron microscopes. They have different lenses and sources of illumination and provide complementary information at different levels of resolution and magnification. The ability to discriminate two points that are close together is the resolving power of a microscope. It is related to the light wavelength. A conventional light microscope uses bright-field illumination, with a resolving power of about 0.2 μm. Study specimens absorb visible light; glass lenses focus and magnify specimens. Most cells absorb very little light, so staining is needed to increase light absorption. Cells and tissues first undergo sequential processing steps. Fixation in aldehydes and dehydration in alcohols are followed by embedding in paraffin or plastic. Specimen sections (or slices) are made with a microtome, followed by staining with color dyes. The illumination source of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a beam of electrons, which has a smaller wavelength. The resolving power of the TEM, 0.2–0.5 nm, is about 103 greater than that of the light microscope. For the TEM, ultrathin sections are cut after specimens have been fixed and embedded in plastic. Sections are then stained with heavy metals to enhance contrast, and black-and-white, not color, images result. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used for thick specimens or whole cells that have been fixed, dried, and coated with a thin metal film. It provides three-dimensional surface views. A high-resolution SEM (HRSEM) allows internal morphology of cells and organelles to be discerned with great depth of focus.
1.3 DIFFERENT APPEARANCES OF CELLS ACCORDING TO TECHNIQUE
Histologic techniques provide different but complementary views of cells and thus a useful morphologic base, which can aid understanding of cell function in health and disease. Paraffin sections are routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and examined with a light microscope. Cell nuclei (which are rich in nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA) have an affinity for hematoxylin (a basic dye), stain blue, and are termed basophilic. In contrast, the cytoplasm of cells and extracellular matrix typically have an affinity for eosin (an anionic dye), stain pink, and are eosinophilic (or acidophilic). With superior resolving power, a TEM provides better elucidation of cell details, such as membranes and organelles, than a light microscope. Different parts of cells have distinct affinities for metal stains used on thin sections, so resulting two-dimensional images show variations in electron density, recorded in black and white. HRSEM images of freeze-fractured cells show three-dimensional spatial relationships of organelles and inclusions.
1.4 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELL MEMBRANES
Membranes—semipermeable barriers that selectively regulate movement of ions, water, and macromolecules—are ubiquitous in cells. They vary in composition depending on cell type and location, but all consist of about 35% lipids, 60% proteins, and 5% carbohydrates. The cell (or plasma) membrane forms an external boundary. Intracellular membranes surround nuclei and membrane-bound organelles. Membranes are beyond the limit of resolution of a light microscope and are thus difficult to visualize without special techniques. By high-magnification electron microscopy,...
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 28.2.2013 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Histologie / Embryologie |
| ISBN-10 | 1-4557-0307-9 / 1455703079 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1-4557-0307-4 / 9781455703074 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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