Recent Developments in Insect Neurohormones

M. Raabe (Autor)

Buch | Softcover

484 Seiten

2011 | Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1989
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
978-1-4612-8091-0 (ISBN)

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The most striking fact revealed by investigations of insect neurohormones is that insects are as well supplied with neurohormones as mammals, since neurohor mones regulate not only the functioning of the endocrine glands, prothoracic gland, and corpora allata, but also most physiological processes. Our knowledge of neurohormones developed originally from anat omocytological investigations and experimental studies. Today, accurate bio assays have been devised for studying both in vivo and in vitro physiological processes, and RIA determination has yielded knowledge of titer modifications of humoral factors. Much is also known about neurohormone purification, and several neurohormones have even been identified in different species. Immunocytochemistry has made it possible to demonstrate in their origin and release sites the presence of insect neurohormones whose structure has been elucidated. Moreover, the presence of vertebrate and invertebrate neuropeptides has been demonstrated in insects. As regards biogenic amines, methods of detection have been greatly refined and it is now possible to identify the cell bodies and axons of the main biogenic amines. Other new methods, such as cobalt chloride impregnation or Lucifer yellow staining, have revealed the axonal pathways and the location of particular neurons. The mechanisms of action of neurohormones have been investigated in several cases and the results of these investigations will be related in the chapters which follow.

1 Synthesis and Release Sites of Neurohormones.- 1.1. From the Original Concept of Neurosecretion to Contemporary Views.- 1.2. Classical Insect Neurosecretory Cells.- 1.3. Neurosecretory Pathways.- 1. 4. Release Sites.- 1.5. Regulation of Neurohormone Production and Release.- 1.6. Aminergic Neurons.- 1.7. Concluding Remarks.- 2 Vertebrate and Invertebrate Neuropeptides in Insects.- 2.1. Insect Neurons Immunoreactive to Vertebrate Peptide Antisera.- 2.2. Insect Neurons Immunoreactive to Invertebrate Neurohormones.- 2.3. Insect Neurons Immunoreactive to Insect Neurohormones.- 2.4. Distribution of Immunoreactive Products.- 2.5. Immunoreactive Neurons and Neurosecretory Cells.- 2.6. Cross-Reactions—Colocation of Immunoreactive Peptides.- 2.7. Concluding Remarks.- 3 Control of Prothoracic Gland Activity.- 3.1. Prothoracic Gland Innervation and Ultrastructure.- 3.2. Prothoracic Gland Degeneration.- 3.3. PTTH Assays.- 3.4. Timing of PTTH Release.- 3.5. PTTH Production and Release Sites.- 3.6. Purification of PTTH.- 3.7. PTTH Action Mechanism.- 3.8. Is PG Regulated by Factors Other Than PTTH?.- 3.9. Conclusion.- 4 Regulation of Corpora Allata Activity and Juvenile Hormone Titer.- 5 Diapause.- 5.1. Imaginal Diapause.- 5.2. Pupal Diapause.- 5.3. Larval Diapause.- 5.4. Embryonic Diapause.- 5.5. Purification of the Embryonic Diapause Factor.- 5.6. Conclusions.- 6 Reproduction.- 7 Muscle Activity.- 7.1. Visceral Muscles.- 7.2. Skeletal Muscles.- 7.3. Separation and Identification of Myotropic Peptides.- 7.4. Leucokinins, Leucopyrokinins, Leucomyosuppressins, and Leucosulfakinins.- 7.5. Action Mechanism of Myotropic Factors.- 8 Ecdysis and Tanning.- 8.1. Eclosion—Molting.- 8.2. Bursicon.- 8.3. Pupariation.- 8.4. Neurohormone Identification.- 8.5. Mode of Action.- 8.6. ConcludingRemarks.- 9 Pigment Synthesis and Breakdown—Color Change.- 9.1. Pigment Synthesis and Breakdown.- 9.2. Pigment Migrations.- 10 Osmoregulation.- 10.1. Methods.- 10.2. Diuretic Hormone.- 10.3. Biogenic Amines.- 10.4. Antidiuretic Hormone.- 10.5. Ion Metabolism.- 10.6. Juvenile Hormone and Ecdysone.- 10.7. Purification of Hormones Involved in Osmoregulation.- 10.8. Mode of Action of Hormones Regulating Osmoregulation.- 10.9. Conclusions.- 11 Metabolism.- 11.1. Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism.- 11.2. Protein Metabolism.- 11.3. Proteases and Amylases.- 11.4. Respiratory Metabolism.- 11.5. Origin and Release Sites of Metabolic Hormones.- 11.6. Mode of Action of Metabolic Hormones.- 11.7. Breakdown of Metabolic Hormones.- 11.8. Conclusion.- 12 Miscellaneous.- 12.1. Locomotor Activity.- 12.2. Flight.- 12.3. Endogenous Nerve Activity Stress.- 12.4. Polymorphism.- Concluding Remarks.- Addendum.- A.1. Synthesis and Release Sites of Neurohormones.- A.1.1. Neuroanatomical Studies.- A.1.2. Peripheral ns Ganglia.- A.1.3. Biogenic Amines.- A.2. Vertebrate and Invertebrate Neuropeptides in Insects.- A.2.1. Vertebrate Peptides.- A.2.2. Molluscan FMRFamide.- A.2.3. Insect Peptides.- A.3. Control of Prothoracic Gland Activity.- A.3.1. Hemolymph Protein Factor—Juvenile Hormone.- A.3.2. Ecdysteroid Production Outside Prothoracic Gland.- A.3.3. Brain-Ring Gland Interrelationships.- A.4. Control of Juvenile Hormone Activity.- A.4.1. Juvenile Hormone Diversity.- A.4.2. Azadirachtin.- A.4.3. Regulation by Octopamine of CA Synthetic Activity.- A.4.4. JH Binding Proteins and JH Esterases.- A.5. Embryonic Diapause.- A.6. Reproduction.- A.6.1. Vitellogenesis Regulation in Mosquitoes.- A.6.2. Vitellogenesis Regulation in Flies.- A.6.3. Vitellogenesis Regulation in Firebrats.- A.6.4. EmbryonicEcdysteroids.- A.6.5. A New Function for Oostatic Hormone.- A.6.6.Spermatogenesis.- A.7. Muscle Activity.- A.7.1. Hyperneural Muscle.- A.7.2. Modulatory Role of Proctolin.- A.8. Pigment Synthesis and Breakdown.- A.9. Osmoregulation.- A.9.1. Identification of Active Factors.- A.9.2. Biogenic Amines.- A.10. Metabolism.- A.10.1. AKH and Lipid Synthesis.- A.10. 2. New Members of the AKH Family.- A.10.3. Other Metabolic Factors.- A.10.4. Proteolytic Enzymes.- A.10.5. Mode of Action of Metabolic Hormones.- A.11. Miscellaneous.- References.- Species Index.

Zusatzinfo	484 p.
Verlagsort	New York, NY
Sprache	englisch
Maße	152 x 229 mm
Themenwelt	Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Natur / Technik ► Garten
	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Neurologie
	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Evolution
	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Humanbiologie
	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zoologie
ISBN-10	1-4612-8091-5 / 1461280915
ISBN-13	978-1-4612-8091-0 / 9781461280910
Zustand	Neuware