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Environmental Risk Assessment - Ted Simon

Environmental Risk Assessment

A Toxicological Approach

(Autor)

Buch | Hardcover
406 Seiten
2014
Crc Press Inc (Verlag)
978-1-4665-9829-4 (ISBN)
CHF 209,45 inkl. MwSt
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The purpose of risk assessment is to support science-based decisions about how to solve complex societal problems. The problems we face in the twenty-first century have many social, political, and technical complexities. Environmental risk assessment in particular is of increasing importance as a means of seeking to address the potential effects of chemicals in the environment in both the developed and developing world.


Environmental Risk Assessment: A Toxicological Approach examines various aspects of problem formulation, exposure, toxicity, and risk characterization that apply to both human health and ecological risk assessment. The book is aimed at the next generation of risk assessors and students who need to know more about developing, conducting, and interpreting risk assessments. It delivers a comprehensive view of the field, complete with sufficient background to enable readers to probe for themselves the science underlying the key issues in environmental risk. Written in an engaging and lively style by a highly experienced risk assessment practitioner, the text:








Introduces the science of risk assessment—past, present, and future







Covers problem formation and the development of exposure factors







Explains how human epidemiology and animal testing data are used to determine toxicity criteria







Provides environmental sampling data for conducting practice risk assessments







Examines the use of in vitro and ‘omics methods for toxicity testing







Describes the political and social aspects of science-based decisions in the twenty-first century







Includes fully worked examples, case studies, discussion questions, and links to legislative hearings





Readers of this volume will not only learn how to execute site-specific human health and ecological risk assessments but also gain a greater understanding of how science is used in deciding environmental regulations.

Ted Simon, DABT earned advanced degrees in biology, including a Ph.D from Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA. After college, he held post-doctoral and teaching positions before serving as senior toxicologist in the Waste Management Division at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 4, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. His critically successful novel, A Lost Gun, was published under the nom de plume Wix Simon. He is currently working on another crime novel featuring an environmental poisoning situation inspired by his twelve years at the EPA. He also provides toxicology consulting and scientific support as principal/owner of Ted Simon LLC, Winston, Georgia, USA.

Introduction
Risk Assessment Paradigm from the 1983 Redbook-"Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process"


Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS) Part A 1989


The Interface of Risk Assessment and Risk Management


History of Risk Assessment in the US from 1990 to 2010


Risk Communication and Stakeholder Participation


Risk Assessment Policy and the Role of Science





How Risk is Perceived and Expressed


Actuarial Risk


Predicted Risk


Perceived Risk


Risk Estimates for Regulation


Uncertainty in Risk Estimates


Uncertainty in Risk Management and the Precautionary Principle





Human Health Exposure Assessment


What are Receptors?


How are Receptors Exposed to Environmental Stressors?


Human Exposure Assessment


Assessing Exposure Factors and Data


Issues to Be Considered When Performing an Exposure Assessment


The Concentration Term


Fate and Transport Models


Accounting For Uncertainty In Exposure Factors





Toxicity Assessment for Human Health Risk Assessment


Mode of Action and General Aspects of Toxicity


Homeostasis and Thresholds


Historical Perspective on Toxicity Testing


Timescale and Nature of Adverse Effects


Dose-Response Assessment


Low Dose Extrapolation-Two Types of Toxicity Factors


Computational Methods in Toxicity Assessment


Mixtures


Accounting For Uncertainty in Toxicity Factors


Toxicity Factors for Regulation





Risk Characterization


Hazard Quotient for Threshold Effects


Risk Estimation for Non-Threshold Effects


Cumulative and Aggregate Risk


The Possibility of Compounding Conservatism in Both Exposure and Toxicity


The Precautionary Principle


Utility of Risk Characterization for Decision Making





Ecological Risk Assessment


Statutory Aspects of ERA at EPA and the Role of Natural Resource Trustees


ERA Under REACH


Ecological Risk Assessment as Practiced By EPA


Methodology for ERA under REACH


Science Policy of ERA





The Future of Risk Assessment


In Vitro Testing and ‘Omics-Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century


Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment


Recommendations for Improving IRIS in the 2011 NAS Review of the Formaldehyde Risk Assessment


Possible Future Scenarios for Risk Assessment: Scientific, Social and Political Factors in Societal Decision Making





Appendix A: Useful Methods and Algorithms for Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA)

Erscheint lt. Verlag 11.2.2014
Zusatzinfo Approx. 34 equations; 82 Tables, black and white; 29 Illustrations, black and white
Verlagsort Bosa Roca
Sprache englisch
Maße 152 x 229 mm
Gewicht 740 g
Themenwelt Studium 2. Studienabschnitt (Klinik) Pharmakologie / Toxikologie
Naturwissenschaften Biologie Biochemie
Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie
ISBN-10 1-4665-9829-8 / 1466598298
ISBN-13 978-1-4665-9829-4 / 9781466598294
Zustand Neuware
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