In Vitro and In Vivo Hemolysis (eBook)

An Unresolved Dispute in Laboratory Medicine

Giuseppe Lippi, Gianfranco Cervellin, Emmanuel J. Favaloro, Mario Plebani (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2012
110 Seiten
De Gruyter (Verlag)
978-3-11-024614-8 (ISBN)

Infos

Defined as red blood cell break down and the release of hemoglobin and intracellular contents into the plasma, hemolysis can seriously impact patient care as well as the laboratory's reputation through its affect on test results. Therefore, the European Preanalytical Scientific Committee, in collaboration with the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Working Group on Patient Safety, have designed a questionnaire to collect data on prevalence and management of hemolytic specimens referred to the clinical laboratories for clinical chemistry testing. This book will help identify the areas where hemolysis occurs most frequently, which can, in turn, guide further analysis about why it is occurring. Once these elements are known, practices and procedures can be implemented to dramatically reduce hemolysis and avoid erroneous laboratory results affecting patient care and increasing laboratory costs.

Giuseppe Lippi and Gianfranco Cervellin, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Italy; Emmanuel J. Favaloro, Westmead Hospital, Australia; Mario Plebani, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy.

Autor

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Giuseppe Lippi and Gianfranco Cervellin, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Italy;Emmanuel J. Favaloro, Westmead Hospital, Australia; Mario Plebani, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy.

Inhalt

Preface 7
1 Structure and function of red blood cells 9
2 Red blood cell parameters 11
2.1 Hematocrit 11
2.2 Mean corpuscular volume 11
2.3 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 11
2.4 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 12
2.5 Red blood cell distribution width 12
3 Definition of hemolysis 15
4 Prevalence of hemolyzed specimens in clinical laboratories 17
5 In vivo hemolysis 23
5.1 Causes 23
5.2 Clinical presentation 26
5.3 Diagnosis of hemolytic anemia 27
6 In vitro hemolysis 29
6.1 Unsuitable procedures during blood collection 29
6.2 Blood collection with various devices and needles 32
6.3 Sample transportation and storage 39
6.4 Centrifugation of the specimen 41
7 How to distinguish in vivo versus in vitro hemolysis 43
8 Effects of in vitro hemolysis on laboratory testing 47
8.1 Interference in clinical chemistry testing 47
8.2 Interference in hemostasis testing 55
8.3 Interference in immunoassays and electrophoresis 57
8.4 Interference in ABO type and antibody screen testing 60
9 Spurious hemolysis and veterinary medicine 63
9.1 Blood collection from small animals and pets 63
9.2 Interference of hemolysis in veterinary laboratory medicine 63
10 Detection of hemolyzed specimens 65
11 Management of hemolyzed specimens 71
11.1 Local evaluation of the bias 71
11.2 Surveys and recommendations 77
11.3 General indications for preventing hemolysis during blood collection 77
11.4 Preventing hemolysis from intravenous catheters 79
11.5 Reliable identification of hemolyzed specimens 80
11.6 Management of test results on hemolyzed specimens 81
12 The challenge of synthetic blood substitutes 89
12.1 Individual studies evaluating the interference of blood substitutes 89
12.2 Detection and quantification of blood substitutes 94
12.3 Final remarks on blood substitutes 96
References 97
Index 109

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 30.7.2012
• Reihe/Serie: Patient Safety
• Zusatzinfo: 10 b/w ill., 10 b/w tbl.
• Verlagsort: Berlin/Boston
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin ► Hämatologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Laboratoriumsmedizin
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie
• Schlagworte: Emergency Medical Aid • Hämolyse • Hemolysis • laboratory medicine • Labormedizin • Notfallmedizin
• ISBN-10: 3-11-024614-7 / 3110246147
• ISBN-13: 978-3-11-024614-8 / 9783110246148