Biomechanics of the Knee

With Application to the Pathogenesis and the Surgical Treatment of Osteoarthritis

P.G.J. Maquet (Autor)

Buch | Softcover

XVIII, 306 Seiten

2012 | 2nd ed. 1984. Softcover reprint of the original 2nd ed. 1984
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-642-61733-1 (ISBN)

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Pathological conditions affecting the hip and knee joints occupy a particular place amongst the important orthopaedic entities affect ing the extremities. On the one hand they are relatively frequent and on the other they mean for the patient limitation of his ability to walk, because of their considerable detrimental effects. A purposeful basic treatment of these joint diseases (and here osteoarthritis takes pride of place) is only possible if it stems from a reliable biomechanical analysis of the normal and pathological stressing of the joint in question. Whilst the situation in the hip can be considered to be fundamentally clarified, a comprehensive representation of the knee is still lacking, particularly when taking into account the latest knowledge of biomechanics. Recently our concepts of the kinematics of the knee have been completely changed, but the clinically important question of articular stressing remains unanswered. Dr. Maquet has carried out pioneer work in this field for some years in adapting, by analogy, to the knee joint principles already accepted for the hip joint. Since the knee is not a ball and socket joint, a complicated problem arises for which new thoughts are necessary. The results of the numerous operations carried out by Dr. Maquet according to the biomechanical considerations demon strate that his thinking is fundamentally correct. Above all, it is here again proven (as earlier in the case of the hip) that healing of osteoarthritis depends decisively on reducing and evenly dis tributing joint pressure.

I. Aims and Limitations of the Work.- II. Review of the Literature.- III. Methods.- I. Mathematical Analysis.- II. Experiments on Anatomical Specimens.- III. Photoelastic Models.- IV. Clinical and Radiological Material.- IV. Mechanics of the Knee.- I. Load and Mechanical Stresses.- II. Mechanical Stress in the Knee.- III. Conclusion.- V. The Pathomechanics of Osteoarthritis of the Knee.- I. Theoretical Analysis of the Causes of Knee Osteoarthritis.- II. Radiographic Examination of the Osteoarthritic Knee with Demonstration of the Effect of Changes in the Compressive Force on the Stress Distribution.- VII. The Use of Photoelastic Models to Illustrate How the Position of Compressive Femoro-Tibial and Patello-Femoral Forces Affects the Distribution of Articular Stresses.- IV. Osteoarthritis of the Knee of Mechanical Origin.- VI. Instinctive Mechanisms Which Reduce Stress in the Knee.- I. Effects of Limping.- II. Use of a Walking Stick.- III. Comment and Conclusion.- VII. Biomechanical Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee.- I. Rationale of Biomechanical Treatment.- II. Biomechanical Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee.- VIII. Results.- A. Femoro-Tibial Osteoarthritis.- B. Patello-Femoral Osteoarthritis.- IX. Conclusions.- Appendix. Remarks About the Accuracy of the Calculation of Forces and Stresses in the Knee Joint.- A. Introduction.- 1. The Weights.- 2. Formularization.- 3. The Laws.- 4. Direct Personal Measurements.- B. Analysis of the Influence of the Variation of Time Between Two Successive Phases.- C. Influence of a Systematic Error of 10% in All the Measurements of Braune and Fischer.- D. Theory of Cumulated Errors, a Variation of 0.2 mm Being Assumed for All the Measurements.- E. Influence of a Variation of the Weight-Bearing Surfaces.- G. Direct Measurements.- H. Conclusion.- References.

Erscheint lt. Verlag	9.2.2012
Zusatzinfo	XVIII, 306 p.
Verlagsort	Berlin
Sprache	englisch
Maße	210 x 280 mm
Gewicht	813 g
Themenwelt	Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Chirurgie ► Unfallchirurgie / Orthopädie
Themenwelt	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Notfallmedizin
Schlagworte	Biomechanics • Hand • Hip • Knee • Knee Joint • Osteoarthritis • trauma surgery
ISBN-10	3-642-61733-6 / 3642617336
ISBN-13	978-3-642-61733-1 / 9783642617331
Zustand	Neuware