An Introduction to Epidemiology for Health Professionals

Jørn Olsen, Kaare Christensen, Jeff Murray, Anders Ekbom (Autoren)

Buch | Softcover

163 Seiten

2012
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
978-1-4614-2600-4 (ISBN)

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Therearemanygoodepidemiologytextbooksonthemarket,butmostoftheseare addressedtostudentsofpublichealthorpeoplewhodoclinicalresearchwithe- demiologicmethods. Thereisaneedforashortintroductiononhowepidemiologic methodsareusedinpublichealth,geneticandclinicalepidemiology,becausehealth professionalsneedtoknowbasicepidemiologicmethodscoveringetiologicaswell asprognosticfactorsofdiseases. Theyneedtoknowmoreaboutmethodologythan introductorytextsonpublichealthhavetooffer. Insomehealthfaculties,epidemiologyisnotevenpartoftheteachingcurri- lum. Webelievethistobeaseriousmistake. Medicalstudentsarestudentsofall aspectsofdiseasesandhealth. Withoutknowingsomethingaboutepidemiologythe cliniciansandotherhealthprofessionalscannotreadagrowingpartofthesci- ti cliteratureinanyreasonablycriticalwayandcannotnavigateintheworldof "evidence-basedmedicineandevidence-basedprevention. "Withoutskillsine- demiologicmethodologytheyareinthehandsofexpertsthatmaynotonlyhavean interestinhealth.
Some health professionals may believe that only common sense is needed to conductepidemiologicalstudies,butthescienti cliteratureandthepublicdebate onhealthissuesindicatethatcommonsenseisofteninshortsupplyandmaynot thrivewithoutsomeformaltraining. Epidemiologic methods play a key role in identifying environmental, social, and genetic determinants of diseases. Clinical epidemiology addresses the tr- sitionfromdiseasetohealthortowardmortalityorsocialormedicalhandicaps. Publichealthepidemiologyaddressesthetransitionfrombeinghealthytobeingnot healthy. Descriptiveepidemiologyprovidesthediseasepatternthatisneededtolook athealthinabroadperspectiveandtosettheprioritiesright. Epidemiologyisabasic scienceofmedicinewhichaddresseskeyquestionssuchas"Whobecomesill?"and "Whatareimportantprognosticfactors?"Answerstosuchquestionsprovidethe basisforbetterpreventionandtreatmentofdiseases. Many people contributed to the writing of this book: medical students in Denmark,studentsofepidemiologyattheIEAEEPEsummercourseinFlorence, Italy,andstudentsofpublichealthinLosAngeles. Withouttechnicalassistance v vi Preface fromGitteNielsen,JenadeShelley,NinaHoheandPamMasangkaythebookwould neverhavematerialized.
LosAngeles,California JornOlsen Odense,Denmark KaareChristensen IowaCity,Iowa JeffMurray Stockholm,Sweden AndersEkbom Contents Part I Descriptive Epidemiology 1 Measures of Disease Occurrence ...3 IncidenceandPrevalence ...4 Incidence...6 RatesandDynamicPopulations ...7 CalculatingObservationTime...9 Prevalence,Incidence,Duration ...10 MortalityandLifeExpectancy ...11 LifeExpectancy ...12 References...13 2 Estimates of Associations ...15 3 Age Standardization...19 4 Causes of Diseases ...23 References...28 5 Descriptive Epidemiology in Public Health...29 GraphicalModelsofCausalLinks ...33 References...35 6 Descriptive Epidemiology in Genetic Epidemiology...37 OccurrenceDatainGeneticEpidemiology ...37 ClusteringofTraitsandDiseasesinFamilies ...38 TheOccurrenceofGeneticDiseases ...40 References...41 7 Descriptive Epidemiology in Clinical Epidemiology...43 SuddenInfantDeathSyndrome(SIDS)...44 CytologicalScreeningforCervixCancer ...45 ChangesinTreatmentofJuvenileDiabetes ...46 References...47 vii viii Contents Part II Analytical Epidemiology 8 Design Options...51 CommonDesignsUsedtoEstimateAssociations...51 EcologicalStudy ...52 Case-ControlStudy...54 CohortStudy ...5
5 ExperimentalStudy ...56 Reference ...57 9 Follow-Up Studies ...59 TheNon-experimentalFollow-Up(Cohort)Study ...59 StudyingRiskasaFunctionofBMI ...60 LongitudinalExposureData...62 DifferentTypesofCohortorFollow-UpStudies...63 10 Case-Control Studies...67 Case-CohortSampling ...69 DensitySamplingofControls...69 Case-Non-caseStudy...71 PatientControls ...72 SecondaryIdenti cationoftheSourcePopulation ...74 Case-ControlStudiesUsingPrevalentCases...74 WhentoDoaCase-ControlStudy? ...77 References...78 11 The Cross-Sectional Study...79 12 The Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) ...81 Reference ...

Jørn Olsen is Professor and Chair of the Department of Epidemiology at the UCLA School of Public Health.

Descriptive Epidemiology.- Measures of Disease Occurrence.- Estimates of Associations.- Age Standardization.- Causes of Diseases.- Descriptive Epidemiology in Public Health.- Descriptive Epidemiology in Genetic Epidemiology.- Descriptive Epidemiology in Clinical Epidemiology.- Analytical Epidemiology.- Design Options.- Follow-Up Studies.- Case–Control Studies.- The Cross-Sectional Study.- The Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).- Analytical Epidemiology in Public Health.- Analytical Epidemiology in Genetic Epidemiology.- Analytical Epidemiology in Clinical Epidemiology.- Sources of Error.- Confounding and Bias.- Confounding.- Information Bias.- Selection Bias.- Making Inference and Making Decisions.- Sources of Error in Public Health Epidemiology.- Sources of Error in Genetic Epidemiology.- Sources of Error in Clinical Epidemiology.- Statistics in Epidemiology.- P Values.- Calculating Confidence Intervals.- Erratum to: An Introduction to Epidemiology for Health Professionals.- Erratum to: An Introduction to Epidemiology for Health Professionals.

Reihe/Serie	Springer Series on Epidemiology and Public Health ; 1
Zusatzinfo	XII, 163 p.
Verlagsort	New York, NY
Sprache	englisch
Maße	155 x 235 mm
Themenwelt	Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Epidemiologie / Med. Biometrie
Schlagworte	Clinical Epidemiology • clinical research • Epidemiologie • Evidence-based Medicine • Genetic Epidemiology • study design • supplemental textbook
ISBN-10	1-4614-2600-6 / 1461426006
ISBN-13	978-1-4614-2600-4 / 9781461426004
Zustand	Neuware