Ion Channel Factsbook (eBook)

Voltage-Gated Channels

William J. Brammar (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

1998 | 1. Auflage
876 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-053520-3 (ISBN)

Infos

The Academic Press FactsBooks series has established itself as the best source of easily-accessible and accurate facts about protein groups. Described as 'a growing series of excellent manuals' by Molecular Medicine Today, and 'essential works of reference' by Trends in Biochemical Sciences, the FactsBooks have become the most popular comprehensive data resources available. As they are meticulously researched and use an easy-to-follow format, the FactsBooks will keep you up-to-date with the latest advances in structure, amino acid sequences, physicochemical properties, and biological activity.
In a set of four interrelated volumes, The Ion Channel FactsBook provides a comprehensive framework of facts about channel molecules central to electrical signaling phenomena in living cells. The fourth volume is devoted to Voltage-gated Channel Families, including those molecular complexes activated or modulated by calcium, potassium, and chloride.

Key Features
* Nomenclature
* Expression
* Sequence Analyses
* Structure and function
* Electrophysiology
* Pharmacology
* Information retrieval

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The Academic Press FactsBooks series has established itself as the best source of easily-accessible and accurate facts about protein groups. Described as 'a growing series of excellent manuals' by Molecular Medicine Today, and 'essential works of reference' by Trends in Biochemical Sciences, the FactsBooks have become the most popular comprehensive data resources available. As they are meticulously researched and use an easy-to-follow format, the FactsBooks will keep you up-to-date with the latest advances in structure, amino acid sequences, physicochemical properties, and biological activity.In a set of four interrelated volumes, The Ion Channel FactsBook provides a comprehensive framework of facts about channel molecules central to electrical signaling phenomena in living cells. The fourth volume is devoted to Voltage-gated Channel Families, including those molecular complexes activated or modulated by calcium, potassium, and chloride. - Nomenclature- Expression- Sequence Analyses- Structure and function- Electrophysiology- Pharmacology- Information retrieval

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
The Ion Channel Factsbook: Voltage-Gated Channels 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Cumulative table of contents for Volumes I to IV (entry 01 resumé) 9
Acknowledgements 13
Introduction & layout of entries (entry 02 resumé)
How to use The Ion Channel FactsBook 16
Guide to the placement criteria for each field 18
Abbreviations (entry 03 resume) 40
PART I: VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNELS 46
Chapter 1. VLG Key facts (entry 41) Voltage-gated channel families – key facts 48
References 66
Chapter 2. VLG Ca (entry 42) Voltage-gated calcium channels 67
Nomenclatures 67
Expression 84
Sequence Analyses 100
Structure and Functions 114
Electrophysiology 129
Pharmacology 146
Information Retrieval 176
References 185
Note Added in Proof 198
Chapter 3. VLG C1 (entry 43) Voltage-gated chloride channels 199
Nomenclatures 199
Expression 202
Sequence Analysis 211
Structure and Functions 218
Electrophysiology 222
Pharmacology 231
Information Retrieval 234
References 238
Chapter 4. VLG K A-T [native] (entry 44)Rapidly inactivating, transient outward 'A-type' K+ currents in native cell types of vertebrates 241
Nomenclatures 241
Expression 246
Electrophysiology 251
Pharmacology 256
Information Retrieval 264
References 268
Chapter 5. VLG K DR [native] (entry 45) 'Delayed rectifier'-type K+ currents in native cell types of vertebrates 271
Nomenclatures 271
Expression 276
Structure and Functions 291
Electrophysiology 294
Pharmacology 297
Information Retrieval 313
References 314
Chapter 6. VLG K eag/elk/erg (entry 46) K+ channels encoded by genes related to Drosophila eag (ether-á-go-go) (gene subfamilies eag, elk, erg) 320
Nomenclatures 320
Expression 329
Sequence Analyses 336
Structure and Functions 343
Electrophysiology 351
Pharmacology 358
Information Retrieval 366
References 368
Chapter 7. VLG K Kv-beta (entry 47) Cytoplasmic (Kv,ß) subunits co-assembling with pore-forming (Kva) voltage-gated potassium channel subunits 372
Nomenclatures 372
Expression 377
Sequence Analyses 391
Structure and Functions 397
Electrophysiology 404
Pharmacology 408
Information Retrieval 411
References 417
Chapter 8. VLG K Kvl-Shak (entry 48) Vertebrate K+ channels related to Drosophila Shaker (Kva subunits encoded by gene subfamily Kv1) 419
Nomenclatures 419
Expression 428
Sequence Analyses 462
Structure and Functions 481
Electrophysiology 505
Pharmacology 529
Information Retrieval 552
References 558
Chapter 9. VLG K Kv2-Shab (entry 49) Vertebrate K+ channel subunits related to Drosophila Shab (Kva subunits encoded by gene subfamily Kv2) 569
Nomenclatures 569
Expression 573
Sequence Analyses 582
Structure and Functions 586
Electrophysiology 590
Pharmacology 595
Information Retrieval 599
References 601
Chapter 10. VLG K Kv3-Shaw (entry 50) Vertebrate K+ channels related to Drosophila Shaw (Kva subunits encoded by gene subfamily Kv3) 604
Nomenclatures 604
Expression 610
Sequence Analyses 627
Structure and Functions 636
Electrophysiology 644
Pharmacology 652
Information Retrieval 655
References 659
Chapter 11. VLG K Kv4-Shal (entry 51) Vertebrate K+ channel subunits related to Drosophila Shal (Kva: subunits encoded by gene subfamily Kv4) 662
Nomenclatures 662
Expression 666
Sequence Analyses 674
Structure and Functions 677
Electrophysiology 679
Pharmacology 683
Information Retrieval 687
References 689
Chapter 12. VLG K Kvx [unassigned] (entry 52) Listing of cDNA clones encoding Kv channels with unassigned gene family relationships 692
Nomenclatures 692
Expression 696
Sequence Analyses 698
Structure and Functions 699
Information Retrieval 700
References 701
Chapter 13. VLG K M-i [native] (entry 53) 'Muscarinic-inhibited' K+ channels underlying IM (M-current in native cell types) 702
Nomenclatures 702
Expression 706
Structure and Functions 710
Electrophysiology 714
Pharmacology 724
Information Retrieval 744
References 744
Chapter 14. VLG (K) minK (entry 54) 'Minimal' protein subunits (minK, IsK) eliciting 'slow-activating' voltage-gated currents in oocytes 748
Nomenclatures 748
Expression 753
Sequence Analyses 768
Structure and Functions 773
Electrophysiology 788
Pharmacology 795
Information Retrieval 805
References 810
Chapter 15. VLG Na (entry 55) Voltage-gated sodium channels 813
Nomenclatures 813
Expression 817
Sequence Analyses 833
Structure and Functions 841
Electrophysiology 851
Pharmacology 861
Information Retrieval 872
References 876
Rubrics (entry 13 resumé) 884
Index 887

Textauszug

Introduction & layout of entries

Edward C. Conley

Entry 02 resumé

The Ion Channel FactsBook is intended to provide a ‘summary of molecular properties’ for all known types of ion channel protein in a cross-referenced and ‘computer-updatable’ format. Today, the subject of ion channel biology is an extraordinarily complex one, linking several disciplines and technologies, each adding its own contribution to the knowledge base. This diversity of approaches has left a need for accessible information sources, especially for those reading outside their own field. By presenting ‘facts’ within a systematic framework, the FactsBook aims to provide a ‘logical place to look’ for specific information when the need arises. For students and researchers entering the field, the weight of the existing literature, and the rate of new discoveries, makes it difficult to gain an overview. For these readers, The Ion Channel FactsBook is written as a directory, designed to identify similarities and differences between ion channel types, while being able to accommodate new types of data within the framework. The main advantages of a systematic format is that it can speed up identification of functional links between any ‘facts’ already in the database and maybe provide a raison d’être for specific experiments where information is not known. Although such ‘facts’ may not go out-of-date, interpretations based on them may change considerably in the light of additional, more direct evidence. This is particularly true for the explosion of new information that is occurring as a direct consequence of the molecular cloning of ion channel genes. It can be anticipated that many more ion channel genes will be cloned in the near future, and it is also likely that their functional diversity will continue to exceed expectations based on pharmacological or physiological criteria alone.

An emphasis on properties emergent from ion channel molecular functions

Understanding how the interplay of currents through many specific ion channel molecules determines complex electrophysiological behaviour of cells remains a significant scientific challenge. The approach of the FactsBook is to associate and relate this complex cell phenotypic behaviour (e.g. its physiology and pharmacology) to ion channel gene expression-control wherever possible even where the specific gene has not yet been cloned. Thus the ion channel molecule becomes the central organizer, and accordingly arbitrates whether information or topics are included, emphasized, sketched-over or excluded. In keeping with this, ion channel characteristics are described in relation to known structural or genetic features wherever possible (or where they are ultimately molecular characteristics). Invariably, this relies on the availability of sequence data for a given channel or group of channels. However, a number of channel types exist which have not yet been sequenced, or display characteristics in the native form which are not precisely matched by existing clones expressed in heterologous cells (or are otherwise ambiguously classified). To accommodate these channel types, summaries of characteristics are included in the standard entry field format, with inappropriate fieldnames omitted. Thus the present ‘working arrangement’ of entries and fields is broad enough to include both the ‘cloned’ and ‘uncloned’ channel types, but in due course will be gradually supplanted by a comprehensive classification based on gene locus, structure, and relatedness of primary sequences. In all cases, the scope of the FactsBook entries is limited to those proteins forming (or predicted to form) membrane-bound, integral ionic channels by folding and association of their primary protein sequences. Activation or suppression of the channel current by a specified ligand or voltage step is generally included as part of the channel description or name (see below). Thus an emphasis is made throughout the book on intrinsic features of channel molecule itself and not on those of separately encoded, co-expressed proteins. In the present edition, there is a bias towards descriptions of vertebrate ion channels as they express the full range of channel types which resemble characteristics found in most eukaryotes.

Anticipated development of the dataset – Integration of functional information around molecular types

Further understanding of complex cellular electrical and pharmacological behaviour will not come from a mere catalogue of protein properties alone. This book therefore begins a process of specific cross-referencing of molecular properties within a functional framework. This process can be extended to the interrelationships of ion channels and other classes of cell-signalling molecules and their functional properties. Retaining protein molecules (i.e. gene products) as ‘fundamental units of classification’ should also provide a framework for understanding complex physiological behaviour resulting from co-expressed sets of proteins. Significantly, many pathophysiological phenotypes can also be linked to selective molecular ‘dysfunction’ within this type of framework. Finally, the anticipated growth of raw sequence information from the human genome project may reveal hitherto unexpected classes and subtypes of cell-signalling components – in this case the task then will be to integrate these into what is already known (see also description of Field number 06: Subtype classifications and Field number 05: Gene family).

The Cell-Signalling Network (CSN)

From the foregoing discussion, it can be seen that establishment and consolidation of an integrated ‘consensus database’ for the many diverse classes of cell signalling molecules (including, for example, receptors, G proteins, ion channels, ion pumps, etc.) remains a worthwhile goal. Such a resource would provide a focus for identifying unresolved issues and may avoid unnecessary duplication of research effort. Work has begun on a prototype cell-signalling molecule database cooperatively maintained and supported by contributions from specialist groups: The Cell-Signalling Network (CSN) in mid-1996 has been designed to disseminate consensus properties of a wide range of molecules involved in cell signal transduction. While it will take some time (and much good-will) to establish a comprehensive network, the many advantages of such a co-operative structure are already apparent. Immediately, these include an ‘open’ mechanism for consolidation and verification of the dataset, so that it holds a ‘consensus’ or ‘validated’ set of information about what is known about each molecule and practical considerations such as nomenclature recommendations (see, for example, the IUPHAR nomenclature sections under the CSN ‘home page’).

The CSN also allows unlimited cross-referencing by pointing to related information sets, even where these are held in multiple centres. On-line descriptions of technical terms (glossary items, indicated by dagger symbols (†) throughout the text) and reference to explanatory references (e.g. on associated signalling components such as G protein†-linked receptors†) are being written for use with this book. Eventually, applications could include (for instance) direct ‘look-up’ of graphical resources for protein structure, in situ and developmental gene expression atlases†, interactive molecular models for structure/function analysis, DNA/protein sequences linked to feature tables, gene mapping resources and other pictorial data. These developments (not presently supported) will use interactive electronic media for efficient browsing and maintenance. For a brief account of the Cell-Signalling Network, see Feedback & CSN access, entry 12. For a full specification, see Resource J – Search criteria & CSN development.

HOW TO USE THE ION CHANNEL FACTSBOOK

Common formats within the entries

A proposed organizational hierarchy for information about ion channel molecules

Information on named channel types is grouped in entries under common headings which repeat in a fixed order – e.g. for ion channel molecules which have been sequenced, there are broad sections entitled NOMENCLATURES, EXPRESSION, SEQUENCE ANALYSES, STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS, ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY, INFORMATION RETRIEVAL and REFERENCES, in that order. Within each section, related fieldnames are listed, always in alphabetical order and indexed by a field number (see below), which makes electronic cross-referencing and ‘manual’ comparisons easier.

While the sections and fields are not rigid categories, an attempt has been made to remain consistent, so that corresponding information for two different channels can be looked up and...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 16.10.1998
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Schulbuch / Wörterbuch ► Lexikon / Chroniken
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Biochemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Genetik / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zellbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Angewandte Physik
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-053520-8 / 0080535208
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-053520-3 / 9780080535203