Fluorine and the Environment: Agrochemicals, Archaeology, Green Chemistry and Water (eBook)

eBook Download: PDF

2006 | 1. Auflage
296 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-046561-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Advances in Fluorine Science is a new book series presenting critical multidisciplinary overviews on areas in which fluorine and fluoride compounds have a decisive impact. The individual volumes of Advances in Fluorine Science are thematic, addressing comprehensively both the science and applications on topics including the Environment, Green chemistry, Medicine, Health & Life Sciences, New Technologies & Materials Science, Energy and the Earth Sciences.
In the present volume, the key-position of fluoro-products in agriculture is reviewed, since a large percentage of agro-chemicals and pesticides contain at least one fluorine atom. However, improvements in the use of fluorine-based products in agrochemicals cannot be developed without taking into consideration a safer environment, on both levels of greener synthesis routes and a reduction of the negative impact on plants and organisms. Within this scope, fluorine has a very peculiar place, since its high reactivity yields several advantages, for instance in by-passing various polluting multi-step reactions.
Fluorine-based materials are reviewed as efficient tools for protecting our cultural heritage. Also using up-to-date techniques such as ion beam analysis, this element can help relative dating applications, ranging from burial durations of archaeological bones and teeth to the determination of exposure ages of meteorites on the Antarctic ice shield.

* Providing an original approach of the complex relationships between chemistry and the environment
* Reviewing the key-position of fluoro-products in agriculture
* Multidisciplinary contributions from chemists, geologists, biologists, environmentalists and industry staffs

Inhalt

Cover 1
Contents 6
Contributors 8
Preface 10
Fluoride Removal from Water Using Adsorption Technique 12
Introduction 13
Technologies and Potential Technologies for Removing Fluoride from Water 15
Development of Defluoridation Adsorption Unit: Algorithm 21
Conclusions 55
Appendix: List of Acronyms 56
References 56
Note from the Editor 59
Water Defluoridation Processes: A Review. Application: Nanofiltration (NF) for Future Large-Scale Pilot Plants 60
Introduction 62
Background 62
Defluoridation Processes 67
Comparison Between Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Operations 71
Conclusions 86
Appendix: List of Symbols and Acronyms 86
References 87
Calixpyrrole–Fluoride Interactions: From Fundamental Research to Applications in the Environmental Field 92
Fluoride Dilemma 93
Supramolecular Chemistry 95
Calix[4]pyrroles 96
Selective Interaction of Calix[4]pyrroles with the Fluoride Anion 97
¹H NMR Studies 99
Conductometric Measurements 102
Thermodynamics of Complexation 106
Solution Thermodynamics of Reactants and Products 120
The Medium Effect of the Complexation of Calix[4]pyrrole and its Derivatives with the Fluoride Anion 121
Calix[4]pyrroles and their Applications 123
Final Conclusions 126
References 128
Fluorine-Containing Agrochemicals: An Overview of Recent Developments 132
Introduction 133
Fluorine-Containing Agrochemicals: Developments Prior to 2001 135
Fluorine-Containing Agrochemicals: Recent Developments 168
Summary 177
References 178
Fluorine: Friend or Foe? A Green Chemist’s Perspective 188
Introduction 188
The Fluorosphere 189
The Role of Fluorine Compounds in Clean Synthesis 198
Fluorochemicals Facilitate Miniaturisation of End-Products 208
Conclusions 210
Acknowledgements 210
References 210
Note from the Editor 213
Emerging ‘‘Greener’’ Synthetic Routes to Hydrofluorocarbons: Metal Fluoride-Mediated Oxyfluorination 214
Introduction 215
Aliphatic Fluorination 216
Aromatic Fluorination 221
Conclusions 224
Acknowledgments 225
References 225
Fluorine Analysis by Ion Beam Techniques for Dating Applications 226
Introduction 227
Analysis Techniques 228
Applications 238
Summary 257
Acknowledgements 258
Acronyms and Glossary 258
References 258
Fluorine and Its Relevance for Archaeological Studies 264
Introduction 265
Fluorine-Containing Ancient Materials of Archaeological Interest 266
Description of the Chemical Composition and the Structure of Bone Material and Flint 268
Incorporation of Fluorine 271
Fluorine Analysis of Archaeological Samples 272
Examples of Archaeological Studies 277
Conclusions and Future of Fluorine Studies in Archaeology 290
Acknowledgements 290
References 291
Subject Index 296

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 4.10.2006
• Mitarbeit: Herausgeber (Serie): Alain Tressaud
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Archäologie
• Themenwelt: Geschichte ► Allgemeine Geschichte ► Vor- und Frühgeschichte
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Arbeits- / Sozial- / Umweltmedizin
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Anorganische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-046561-7 / 0080465617
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-046561-6 / 9780080465616