Biocompatible Polymeric Materials and Tourniquets for Wounds (eBook)

Jan W. Gooch (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2010 | 2010
XVI, 184 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-1-4419-6586-8 (ISBN)

Infos

In recent years biocompatible polymers for injuries and wounds have seen advances and innovations that have outpaced the growing field's literature. In this book Dr. Jan W. Gooch, a National Research Council Research Associateship Award recipient, reveals how innovative polymer technology can be applied to the common combat and trauma wounds associated with damaged soft tissue and bleeding. The scope of his investigation spans four distinct devices for wounds, liquid and particulate barrier dressings for soft tissue wounds, sutureless tissue adhesives, antibacterial nanoemulsions, one-hand operated and automatic tourniquets for the battlefield.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Level I 7
Level II 7
Level III 7
Level IV 7
Level V 8
Acknowledgements 10
Contents 12
Acronyms and Abbreviations 16
Chapter 1: Scope, Objectives, and Summary of Investigations 18
1.1 Scope and Objectives 18
1.2 Summary of Results 18
1.2.1 Barrier Dressing for Wounds 19
1.2.2 Bacteria Permeability of Dressing Materials 20
1.2.3 Antibacterial Aqueous Emulsions 21
1.2.4 One-Handed and Automatic Tourniquets 22
Chapter 2: Barrier Dressings for Wounds 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.1.1 Disinfection Fundamentals 30
2.1.2 Antimicrobial Agents and Disinfection 32
2.1.3 Mechanisms and Kinetics of Disinfection 32
2.1.3.1 Proteins 32
2.1.3.2 Membranes 33
2.1.3.3 Other Reactions 33
2.2 Solvent-Based Polymer Barrier Dressings 33
2.2.1 Preparation 33
2.2.2 Formulation of Solvent-Based Dressings 34
2.2.3 Results of Testing Barrier Dressings on Rats 34
2.3 Polyacrylate Miniemulsions and Nonaqueous Suspensions 35
2.3.1 Miniemulsions 35
2.3.1.1 Preparation 37
2.3.1.2 Testing on Rats 40
2.3.2 Nonaqueous Suspensions 40
2.3.2.1 Preparation 41
2.3.2.2 Barrier Dressing Formulation 41
2.3.2.3 Testing on Rats 41
2.4 Cyanoacrylate 43
2.4.1 Technical Discussion 43
2.4.1.1 Results of Testing on Rats 48
2.5 Particulate Applied Barrier Dressing 48
2.5.1 Introduction 48
2.5.2 Copolymer Chemistry 49
2.5.3 Solution Polymers 50
2.5.4 Super Absorbent Fibers 50
2.5.5 Uses 50
2.5.6 Applications 51
2.5.7 Preparation 54
2.5.8 Reactive Mechanism 54
2.5.9 Dressing Preservative Agents 55
2.5.10 Results of Testing Barrier Dressing on Excised Rats 55
2.5.11 Reason for Failure to Provide Barrier Properties 57
2.6 Physical Properties of Barrier Dressing Materials 64
2.6.1 Results of Testing Barrier Dressings on Agar Plates 64
2.6.2 Surface Energy 65
2.6.3 Water Vapor Transmission 67
2.6.4 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis 69
2.6.5 Adhesion to Tissue 74
2.6.6 Removability of Barrier Dressing from Wounds 74
2.7 Bacteria Permeability of Dressings 76
2.8 Preservative and Antimicrobial Agents 81
2.9 Optimal Properties of Barrier Dressings 85
References 86
Chapter 3: Tissue Adhesives 88
3.1 Introduction 88
3.2 Photopolymerizable Adhesives 89
3.2.1 Soft Gels 89
3.2.2 Hard Gels 93
3.3 Multicomponent Bonding Adhesives 94
3.3.1 Albumin/Glutaraldehyde Adhesive 94
3.3.2 Fibrin Glue 94
3.4 Single-Component Bonding Adhesives 95
3.4.1 Hydrogels 95
3.4.2 Dendrimers 95
3.4.3 Cyanoacrylate 96
3.4.4 Emulsion Polymerized Gel Adhesives 96
3.5 Review of Sutureless Adhesives from Literature 97
3.6 Testing the Bonding Properties on Soft Tissue 97
3.7 Summary of Tissue Bonding Adhesives 102
References 104
Further Reading 104
Chapter 4: Antibacterial Aqueous Emulsions 105
4.1 Introduction 105
4.1.1 Literature 106
4.1.2 Patents 109
4.1.3 Preparation of Emsulsions 110
4.2 Testing Plan: Standard Sporicidal and Antibacterial Methods 111
4.2.1 Kirby-Bauer Plate Test (Disk Sensitivity Method) 111
4.2.2 Baker Suspension Test (Adapted) 113
4.3 Results of Testing 113
4.3.1 Kirby-Bauer Plates (Disk Sensitivity) Method 113
4.3.2 Baker Suspension (Dilution) Method 114
4.4 Novel Antimicrobial Emulsions and Particulate Formulations 116
4.4.1 Emulsification of Fatty Acids 116
4.4.2 Emulsified Fatty Acids and Antimicrobial Activity 117
4.4.3 Mechanisms of Antibacterial Action 120
4.4.4 Urea Hydrogen Peroxide 124
4.5 Summary 127
References 128
Chapter 5: One-Hand Operated and Automatic Tourniquet 130
5.1 Introduction 130
5.2 Fundamentals of Tourniquet Technology 133
5.3 Critical Properties of a Combat Tourniquet 139
5.4 One-Hand Operated and Automatic Tourniquets for the Battlefield 147
5.5 Automatic Occlusion Pressure Controller 154
5.6 Summary 161
References 162
Recommended Literature 162
Appendices 164
Appendix A: Statistical Tests 164
Introduction 164
Chi (.) and Chi-Square (.2) Probability Distributions 164
Chi-Square Tests 166
Chi-Square Test of Independence 168
Fisher’s Exact Test 170
Multiple Studies: Bonferroni’s Correction 172
References 172
Appendix B: Phenol Coefficient 173
References 173
Appendix C: Antimicrobial Activity and Resistance 174
Mechanisms of Antibacterial Action 174
Appendix D: Halogens and Solutions for Disinfection 179
Elementary Chlorine 179
Atomic Chlorine 180
Chemical Properties 180
Hypohalous Acids, (H–O–X) 182
References 182
Appendix E: Tourniquet Testing Protocol 183
Appendix F: One Hand Operated Cinch-Buckle Assembly and Details 183
Reference 183
Appendix G: Tourniquet Engineering Drawings 187
References 189
Index 191

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 24.7.2010
• Reihe/Serie: Topics in Applied Chemistry
• Reihe/Serie: Topics in Applied Chemistry
• Zusatzinfo: XVI, 184 p.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Pflege
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Physiotherapie / Ergotherapie ► Orthopädie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Organische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Medizintechnik
• Schlagworte: Antibacterial nanoemulsions • automatic tourniquets • Emulsions • liquid barrier dressings • nanoemulsions • One-hand operated tourniquets • particulate barrier dressings • Polymer • Sutureless tissue adhesives • tissue • tourniquet
• ISBN-10: 1-4419-6586-6 / 1441965866
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4419-6586-8 / 9781441965868