Peripheral Endovascular Interventions (eBook)

Thomas J. Fogarty, Rodney A. White (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2010 | 3rd ed. 2010
XIX, 512 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-1-4419-1387-6 (ISBN)

Infos

This book offers a comprehensive review of the rapidly advancing field of endovascular therapy, written by internationally recognized authorities in the field, many of whom are the innovators of the techniques and devices involved. Broad in scope, topics covered range from how to obtain training in approved endovascular techniques to promising new lines of investigational therapies.

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This book is a comprehensive review of the rapidly advancing field of endovascular therapy, written by internationally recognized authorities in the field, many of whom are the innovators of the techniques and devices involved. Broad in scope, topics covered range from how to obtain training in approved endovascular techniques to promising new lines of investigational therapies. Reflecting the operative nature of many of the new endovascular therapies, this book is somewhat unique for an endovascular text in the strong representation of surgeons among its authors.Purpose: The purpose is to train and update physicians with diverse levels of experience and from a variety of specialties in established, new, and still evolving endovascular techniques. Given the wide variation in expertise among different specialties interested in performing these procedures, and acknowledging that different specialties lack skill in different aspects of various procedures, a book such as this is badly needed. The goals are accomplished by providing broad overviews of the basics for those with little experience and in-depth presentations of advanced topics for more skilled physicians.Audience: The audience includes vascular surgeons, who will take particular interest in the coverage of endovascular equipment and basic percutaneous techniques, and interventional cardiologists and radiologists, who have had little previous exposure to the operative aspects of endovascular therapy discussed in detail in this book.From the preface to the second edition:Catheter-based diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases has evolved over the last several decades, with a recent increase occurring in the utility of the therapeutic methods. This development has been stimulated by several factors including miniaturization of interventional devices and imaging technologies, and an emphasis on the utilization of minimally invasive, cost-effective treatments that reduce the economic impact of health care delivery. As part of this evolution, the development and adaptation of new interventional techniques and devices has produced a continual need for updating and training physicians in several subspecialties regarding the use of these methodologies. This requires not only adapting the technologies to current clinical practice but also establishing educational training curriculum in subspecialty fellowship programs.Because endovascular technologies are of multispecialty interest, a review of the entire scope of fundamental information regarding each aspect of the field is required to furnish a comprehensive review that will provide specific utility for individuals from different disciplines. For this reason, we have undertaken the development of this text to satisfy two goals. The first is to provide a broad overview of the entire range of topics for clinicians with little or no background relevant to the subject matter. Secondly, those with some familiarity will find definitive informational material to allow adaptation of endovascular technologies to their current clinical practice.To adequately understand and safely use catheter-based interventional therapies, knowledge of a number of topics beyond the clinical indications and techniques for applying endovascular methods is required. A thorough understand of the pathophysiology of vascular disease, safety issues regarding interventional devices and imaging methods, and a comprehension of fundamental biomaterials concepts is needed. These topics are addressed in detail and represent relatively mature aspects of this field that are otherwise characterized by continual change in devices and techniques as the field expands.

Inhalt

Preface to the Third Edition 6
Preface to the Second Edition 8
Preface to the First Edition 10
Contents 12
Contributors 16
Part I Introduction 21
1Evolution of Endovascular Therapy: Diagnosticsand Therapeutics 22
First 30 Years: Era of Diagnostics (19291959) 22
Arteriography---Dos Santos 23
Cardiac Catheterization---Forssmann and Cournand 23
Vascular Access---Seldinger 24
Coronary Angiography---Sones 24
Other Diagnostic Modalities 24
Second 30 Years: Era of Therapeutics (19601990) 25
Embolectomy---Fogarty 25
Balloon AngioplastyüDotter/Grüntzig 25
Atherectomy---Simpson 26
Stents and Stent--Grafts 27
Future Developments 28
Conclusion 29
References 29
2 Pathophysiology of Vascular Disease 30
Atherosclerotic Process 30
Plaque Initiation 30
Plaque Progression 31
Artery Wall Responses 32
Plaque Regression 33
Animal Studies 33
Human Studies 33
Plaque Complication 34
Hemodynamic Influences in Atherosclerosis 35
Wall Shear Stress 36
Flow Field Changes 36
Particle Residence Time 38
Oscillation of Flow 38
Turbulence 38
Hypertension 39
Plaque Localization 39
Susceptible Regions of the Arterial Vasculature 39
Carotid Artery Bifurcation 39
Coronary Arteries 40
Abdominal Aorta 40
Superficial Femoral Artery 41
Aneurysm Formation 41
Arterial Enlargement 41
Medical Thinning 41
Mechanism of Aneurysm Formation in Atherosclerosis 42
Experimental Observations 43
Summary 44
References 44
Part II Components of an Endovascular Practice 48
3Training and Credentialing in Vascular and EndovascularSurgery 49
Training and Certification in Vascular Surgery 49
Specific Requirements for Vascular Surgery Residents 50
Vascular Surgery 50
Endovascular Interventions 50
Non-invasive Vascular Laboratory 50
Hospital Credentialing 50
New Vascular Graduates 50
Credentialed Surgeons 52
Maintenance of Certification 52
Turf Battles 52
Summary 52
References 52
4 Assessment of Vascular Patients and Indications for Therapy 54
History and Physical Examination of the Ischemic Lower Extremity 54
Chronic Arterial Insufficiency 54
Differential Diagnosis 55
Critical Limb Ischemia 55
Acute Arterial Insufficiency 56
Noninvasive Studies 57
Continuous-Wave Doppler 57
Ankle--Brachial Index and Segmental Pressures 57
Pulse Volume Recording 58
Transcutaneous Oximetry 58
Duplex Ultrasonography 58
Indications for Intervention 59
Asymptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease 59
Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease 60
References 61
5 Anesthesia Techniques for Endovascular Surgery 62
Local Anesthesia 63
Anesthesia Techniques to Aid Proximal Deployment of the StentGraft in TAAs 65
General Anesthesia for Endovascular Aortic Surgery 66
Advantages of a General Anesthetic 68
Disadvantages of a General Anesthetic 69
Preoperative Evaluation 69
Blood Pressure Evaluation, Monitoring, and Treatment 70
Induction of General Anesthesia 70
Maintenance of General Anesthesia 71
Summary 72
Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia for Endovascular Stent Grafting 72
Epidural Anesthesia 73
Spinal Anesthesia 73
Combined Spinal--Epidural Anesthesia 73
Postoperative Management 73
Advantages of Regional Anesthesia 74
Disadvantages of Regional Anesthesia 74
Summary 75
References 75
6 Intraprocedural Monitoring for Endovascular Procedures 79
General Monitoring 79
Electrocardiography 80
Pulse Oximetry 80
Temperature 80
Capnography 80
Arterial Blood Pressure 80
Advanced Cardiopulmonary Monitoring 81
Central Venous Catheter 81
Pulmonary Artery Catheter 82
Transesophageal Echocardiography 83
Advanced Vascular Monitoring 83
Angiography 83
Intravascular Ultrasound 84
Duplex Ultrasonography 85
Advanced Neurologic Monitoring 86
Transcranial Doppler 86
Cerebral Oximetry 86
Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Monitoring 87
Motor-Evoked Potential Monitoring 88
References 88
7 Safety Considerations for Endovascular Surgery 90
History 90
Fluoroscopic Image Production 91
Radiation Safety 92
Personnel Monitoring 93
Pregnancy 93
Laser Physics 94
Laser Safety 96
Blood Exposure 98
References 98
Part III Facilities and Equipment for Endovascular Intervention 99
8 Endovascular Intervention Suite Design 100
General Considerations 100
Portable System Versus Fixed Imaging System 100
Monitoring Equipment 104
Contrast Injectors 104
Equipping the Endovascular Suite 104
Ergonomics in the Endovascular Suite 104
9 Angioscopy: Instrumentation, Techniques, and Applications 106
Angioscopic Equipment 106
Basic Techniques of Angioscopy 108
Principles of Saline Irrigation 108
Techniques of Angioscopy 110
Interpretation 111
Clinical Applications 112
Indications 112
Infrainguinal Bypass Grafting 112
Vein Conduit Preparation 112
In Situ Vein Conduit Preparation 113
Arm Vein Preparation with Angioscope for Bypass Grafting 114
Angioscopy for Carotid Endarterectomy 116
Vascular Access Surgery 116
Thromboembolectomy 119
Venous Thrombectomy 119
Venous Valve Repair Without Venotomy 119
Percutaneous Applications of Angioscopy 119
Summary 120
References 120
10 Duplex-Guided Balloon Angioplasty from the Carotid to the Plantar Arteries 122
Infrainguinal Arterial Angioplasty 122
Preoperative Evaluation 122
Technique 123
Technical Success and Predictors of Technical Failure of Femoral--popliteal Duplex-Guided Balloon Angioplasty 125
Thromboembolic Complications 125
Follow-Up, Patency, and Limb Salvage 125
Adjunctive Infrapopliteal Balloon Angioplasty 125
Duplex-Guided Angioplasty of Infrainguinal Arterial Bypass Grafts 126
Patient Population 126
Preoperative Evaluation 126
Technique 127
Intraoperative Technical Success 127
Early Postoperative Complications 128
Duplex-Measured Hemodynamic Parameters 128
Patency and Limb Salvage Rate 128
Duplex-Guided Angioplasty of Failing or Non-maturing Arteriovenous Fistulas 128
Patients 129
Preoperative Evaluation 129
Technique 129
Technical Success 130
Comparison of Pre- and Postprocedure Duplex-Measured Hemodynamic Parameters 130
Complications and Mortality 130
Duplex-Assisted Internal Carotid Artery Angioplasty 130
Patient Population 131
Preoperative Imaging 131
Technique 131
Intraoperative Technical Findings 132
Postprocedure Mortality and Morbidity 132
Follow-Up 132
Summary 132
References 132
11 Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging 135
Catheter Design and Function 135
Imaging Techniques 137
Access 137
Image Acquisition 137
Rotational Orientation 137
Longitudinal Gray-Scale Imaging 137
Image Interpretation and Diagnostic Capabilities 137
Measurements 139
Therapeutic Interventions 139
Diagnostic 139
Balloon Angioplasty 140
Stent Deployment 140
Endoluminal Grafts for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 140
Thoracic Aorta 143
Thoracic Dissections 143
Thoracic Aneurysms, Ulcerations, and Transections 144
Post-procedural Assessments and Troubleshooting 145
Bedside Vena Cava Placement 147
Virtual Histology 148
References 148
Part IV Endovascular Instrumentation and Devices 150
12 Biomaterials: Considerations for Endovascular Devices 151
Guidewires 151
Angioplasty Balloons and Catheters 153
Balloon Mechanics 154
Balloon Materials 155
Angioplasty Catheters 155
Metallic Intravascular Stents and Caval Filters 157
Biocompatibility 157
Corrosion Resistance 157
Toxicity 158
Thromboresistance 158
Healing 159
Mechanical and Physical Properties of Specific Metals 160
Stainless Steel 160
Tantalum 160
Titanium 161
Nitinol 161
Cobalt--Chromium Alloys 162
Radiologic Considerations 162
Design Characteristics 163
Stents 163
Vena Caval Filters 164
Endoluminal Grafts 165
Prosthetic Graft Materials 165
Endograft Design and Structural Stability 169
References 170
13 Ancillary Endovascular Equipment: Catheters, Guidewires, and Procedural Considerations 174
Special Terminology of Guidewire and Catheters 174
Steerability 174
Trackability 174
Pushability 174
Units for Wires and Catheters 175
Guidewires 175
Coating 175
Diameter 175
Tip Property 175
Stiffness 175
Length 176
Sheathes and Catheters 176
Basic Material 176
Diameter 176
Length 176
Head Shapes 176
Special Features 178
Guidewire and Lesion Interaction 178
Vascular Access 178
Retrograde Femoral Artery Access 178
Antegrade Puncture of the Femoral Artery 179
Brachial Artery Access 179
Percutaneous Puncture of Prosthetic Grafts 180
Micropuncture Technique 180
Ultrasound-Guided Arterial Access 180
Vascular Closure Devices 180
Examples for Guidewire and Catheter Interventions 182
Catheter and Wire 101 182
Collect Your Thoughts Prior to Percutaneous Interventions 182
Accesses and Selective Guiding Catheters for Some Basic Interventions 182
Carotid Artery 182
Subclavian Artery 182
Celiac or SMA 182
Renal Artery 182
Infrarenal Aorta 183
Superior Femoral Artery 183
Tibial Arteries 183
Complications and Troubleshootings 183
Access Site Complications 183
Hematoma and Bleeding 183
Pseudoaneurysm Formation 183
Arterial Access Dissection 184
Complications During the Intervention 184
Arterial Wall Dissection 184
Arteriovenous Fistula Formation or Arterial Rupture 185
Distal Embolization 185
Complications Related to Vascular Closure Devices 185
Summary 186
References 186
14 Balloon Angioplasty 189
Mechanism 189
Indications 190
Lesion 190
Balloon Angioplasty Equipment 191
Introducer Sheaths 191
Guidewires 191
Catheters 192
Balloons 193
Technique 194
Site-Specific Interventions 196
Aortic Angioplasty 196
Iliac Artery Angioplasty 198
Femoral and Popliteal Artery Angioplasty 198
Infrapopliteal Angioplasty 199
Renal and Mesenteric Angioplasty 200
Brachiocephalic Vessels 202
Subclavian and Innominate Arteries 202
Carotid Artery 202
Complications 204
Summary 205
References 205
15 Endovascular Intervention for Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis 210
Diagnosis 210
Clinical Manifestations 210
Diagnostic Imaging and Hypercoagulable Evaluation 211
Conventional Treatment 211
Early Thrombus Removal: Initial Strategies 211
Endovascular Management of DVT 212
Endovascular Treatment Options 213
Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis 213
Ultrasound Accelerated Thrombolysis: Ekos EndoWave 214
Percutaneous Mechanical Thrombectomy 215
AngioJet Rheolytic Thrombectomy System---Pulse-Power Spray Technique 215
Trellis-8 Infusion System---Pharmacomechanical Thrombectomy 216
Adjunctive Endovascular Procedures 217
Use of Multiple PMT Devices or Adjunctive CDT 217
Adjunctive Venoplasty and Stenting 217
Follow-Up After Endovascular DVT Management 218
Conclusions 218
References 218
16 Remote Femoral and Iliac Artery Endarterectomy 221
Remote Endarterectomy 222
Remote Superficial Artery Endarterectomy 222
Remote Iliac Artery Endarterectomy 223
Benefits of Remote Endarterectomy 223
Patency Rates 225
Remote Iliac Artery Endarterectomy 226
Improving Treatment Outcome and Future Perspectives 227
Summary 228
References 228
17 Intravascular Stents 231
Indications for Stent Use 231
Stent Designs 232
Technical Considerations 236
Results 240
Aortic Stents 240
Iliac Artery Stents 241
Palmaz Stent 241
Wallstent 244
Miscellaneous Iliac Artery Stents 246
Femoropopliteal Stents 248
Palmaz Stent 248
Wallstent 249
Strecker Stent 250
Nitinol Stents 250
Infrapopliteal Stents 252
Visceral Artery Stents 253
Infectious Complications 255
Comments 255
Summary 258
References 258
18 Intravascular Laser Technologies 263
History and Evolution of Laser Atherectomy 263
Physics of 308nm Excimer Laser 265
Equipment 266
Spectranetics Laser Sheath 266
Using the Excimer Laser to Treat Peripheral Vascular Disease 268
Trials 271
Peripheral Excimer Laser Angioplasty (PELA) (1998--2002) 271
Laser Angioplasty for Critical Ischemia (LACI Phase II) (2001--2002) 272
CLiRpath Excimer Laser System to Enlarge Lumen Openings (CELLO) (2006--2008) 274
Instent Restenosis Trial (PATENT), Ongoing 274
AMI Trial (TAAMI), Ongoing 275
EXCELLENT , Ongoing 275
Summary 275
References 276
19 Endovascular Devices for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms 278
Patient Selection 278
Imaging 278
Anatomic Evaluation 279
Aortic Neck and Iliac Arteries 279
Access Arteries 280
Aortoiliac Branches 280
Device Selection 280
Medtronic: AneuRx AAAdvantage 280
Cook 0 Zenith 281
Endologix 0 Powerlink 282
W.L. Gore---Excluder 283
Medtronic---Talent 283
Future of Endograft Technology 284
Conclusion 286
References 286
20 Endovascular Devices for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms 287
Early Endografts 287
Current Devices Approved for Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms 291
Gore TAG 291
Talent 293
Zenith TX2 294
Off-Label Use 296
Type b Dissection 296
Expanding into the Ascending Aorta and Arch 297
Conclusions 299
References 304
Part V Specialized Endovascular Techniques 306
21 Critical Limb Ischemia 307
Epidemiology 308
Clinical Presentation 309
Treatment 309
Balloons 310
Laser 310
Atherectomy 310
Stents 310
Surgical Bypass in Critical Limb Ischemia 311
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty and/or Stenting in CLI 312
Laser Application in Critical Limb Ischemia 312
Plaque Excision in Critical Limb Ischemia 314
Orbital Atherectomy 314
Cryoplasty in Critical Limb Ischemia 314
Treatment Strategies 315
Summary 315
References 318
22 Renal Stents 321
Pathophysiology 322
Fibromuscular Dysplasia 322
Takayasu's Arteritis 323
Diagnosis of Renal Artery Stenosis 323
Diagnostic Tools 324
Endovascular Treatment of Renal Artery Disease 325
Patient Preparation 325
Access 326
Angiography 327
Renal Artery Cannulation 327
Angioplasty and Stenting 327
Stent Placement 329
Post Procedure Care and Follow-Up 329
Complications 329
Current Data and Results 330
Immediate Technical Results 330
Restenosis Rate 330
Randomized Controlled Studies 331
Case Series 332
Blood Pressure Control 332
Effects on Renal Function 332
Comparison with Surgery 333
Future Research 333
References 334
23Inferior Vena Cava Filters: The Impact of EndovascularTechnology 339
Retrievable Inferior Vena Cava Filters 340
Günther-Tulip Filter 340
Recovery Filter 340
OptEase Filter 340
Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided IVCF Deployment 341
Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrieval 342
Phase I Study 343
Results 344
Discussion 346
Phase II Study 346
Results 347
Discussion 347
Generation Two Retrievable Filters 348
What Is on the Horizon? 348
Conclusion 349
References 349
24 Carotid Stenting 351
Evolution of Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting 351
Cerebral Protection 351
Technique: Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting with Distal Protection 352
Pre-procedural Evaluation 352
Femoral Access 353
Aortic Arch Angiogram 353
Selective Common Carotid Catheterization 354
Carotid Sheath Access 355
Filter Placement and Stenting 357
Completion Angiogram 358
Access Site Management 358
Post-operative Care and Follow-Up 358
Technique for Use of Distal Filters 360
Proximal Occlusion and Flow-Reversal Devices 360
Registry Trials 361
Randomized Trials 362
Ongoing Trials 364
Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting: Evolving Indications 365
High Risk for Carotid Artery Stenting 365
Summary of CAS Indications 366
Future Directions 367
Conclusion 367
References 368
25 Neuroendovascular Interventions 371
Intracranial Aneurysms 371
Arteriovenous Malformations 377
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas 379
Endovascular Treatment of Acute Stroke 381
Angioplasty and Stenting for Intracranial Atherosclerosis 382
Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting 383
Preoperative Tumor Embolization 384
References 384
26 The Current Status of Hybrid Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms 390
Current Status of Open Repair 390
Endovascular Approaches to the Management of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms 391
Massachusetts General Hospital Results 391
Discussion 393
References 396
27 Laparoscopic Aortic Surgery 398
Evolution of Laparoscopic Vascular Surgery 398
The Case for Laparoscopic Aortic Surgery 400
Current Status 405
Indications 405
The Technique 406
Operative Technique 406
Complications 408
The Future 408
Conclusion 408
References 408
28 Endovenous Surgery 411
Current Status: Diagnosis 411
Current Status: Treatment 412
Endoluminal Venous Stripping 413
Endoluminal Sclerotherapy 413
Endoluminal Endoscopy 414
Endovenous Obliteration 416
Endovenous Thrombolysis 418
Venous Stenting 419
Subfascial Endoscopy 420
Conclusion 422
References 422
29 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Endoscopic Transaxillary First Rib Approach023 Years Experience (198502008) 424
Surgical Decisions 424
Historical Remarks 424
Anatomical Applications of the Cervical Bands and Scalenus Muscle into the First Rib During Endoscopic Transaxillary First Rib Resection 425
Surgical Procedure 427
Surgical Access 427
Engagement of the Robotics 427
Dissection of Soft Tissue, First Rib, and Space Invasion with Collapse of Lung 428
Disengagement of the First Rib and the Concept of Floater Rib 428
Closure 428
Results 428
References 429
30 Prevention of Lesion Recurrence in Endovascular Devices 430
Mechanisms of Lesion Recurrence 430
Types of Lesions 430
Intimal Hyperplasia---Reparative Response to Vessel Injury 431
Vascular Remodeling---Recoil and Chronic Vasospasm 433
Restenosis Due to Progression of Atherosclerotic Disease 434
Mechanisms of Prevention of Lesion Recurrence at the Local Level 434
Optimization to Decrease Injury to Vessel Wall 435
Local Drug Delivery 435
Actinomycin D 435
Paclitaxel 436
Sirolimus 437
Brachytherapy 437
Gene Therapy 438
VEGF 438
Nitric Oxide Synthase 439
Transcription Factor Decoy 440
Mutant MCP-1 440
Systemic Prevention of Progression of Atherosclerotic Disease 440
Statin Therapy 440
Anticoagulation/Antiplatelet Therapy 442
Risk Factor Modification 443
Conclusion 443
References 443
31 Management of the Percutaneous Puncture Site 447
Overview of Access Locations 447
Femoral 447
Brachial 448
Radial 449
Axillary 449
Popliteal 450
Cervical 450
Percutaneous Access Techniques 450
Femoral 451
Brachial 452
Radial 452
Axillary 452
Popliteal 452
Cervical 453
Closure of the Arteriotomy 454
Manual Compression 454
Seal and Plug Devices 456
Suture-Mediated Devices 457
Clip-Based Devices 459
Complications 460
Femoral 460
Brachial 462
Radial 463
Axillary 463
Popliteal 463
Cervical 464
Conclusion 464
References 464
32 Endovascular Practice in Asia-Pacific 469
Diversity 469
Maturity of Vascular Surgery as a Specialty 469
Health Statistics 470
Economy and Health-Care Structure 470
Language 470
Device Market 470
Government Regulations 470
Anatomy 471
China 471
Japan 472
Korea 473
India 473
Hong Kong 474
Singapore 474
Taiwan 474
Thailand 475
Malaysia 475
Philippines and Indonesia 475
References 475
33 Future Imaging and Guidance for Endovascular Procedures 476
Imaging 476
Magnetic Resonance Imaging 476
Dynamic Computed Tomography 479
DynaCT (Digital Subtraction Angiography CT) 479
Intravascular Ultrasound 480
Thoracic Echocardiography 482
Transcranial Doppler Monitoring Endovascular Interventions 482
Robotics 483
Flexible Robotics 483
Surgical Robotics 484
Simulation 484
Virtual Procedure Rehearsal 484
Lessons from the Cardiac Catheterization Lab 485
Conclusion 486
References 486
Index 490

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 25.6.2010
• Zusatzinfo: XIX, 512 p. 235 illus., 89 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Chirurgie ► Herz- / Thorax- / Gefäßchirurgie
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin ► Kardiologie / Angiologie
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Radiologie / Bildgebende Verfahren ► Radiologie
• Schlagworte: Aneurysms • Angiography • Cardiology • Computed tomography (CT) • Diagnosis • Diagnostics • Endoscopy • Endovascular Intervention • Interventional Radiology • Intravascular Ultrasound • Stent • Surgery • Ultrasound • vascular surgery
• ISBN-10: 1-4419-1387-4 / 1441913874
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4419-1387-6 / 9781441913876