Handbook of Critical and Intensive Care Medicine (eBook)

Joseph Varon, Pilar Acosta (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2010 | 2nd ed. 2010
IX, 422 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-0-387-92851-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Why write a book on the management of critically ill patients? Over the past few decades we have seen an enormous growth in the number of intensive care units (ICU) across the world. Indeed, it is estimated that a large proportion of health care expenses are devoted to patients in these specialized units. Medical students, r- idents, fellows, attending physicians, critical care nurses, pharmacists, respiratory therapists, and other health-care providers (irrespective of their ultimate ?eld of pr- tice) will spend several months or years of their professional lives taking care of critically ill or severely injured patients. These clinicians must have special tra- ing, experience, and competence in managing complex problems in their patients. Moreover, these clinicians must interpret data obtained by many kinds of monitoring devices, and they must integrate this information with their knowledge of the pat- physiology of disease. Even more important is the fact that anyone working in an ICU or with a critically ill patient must approach patients with a multidisciplinary team. The phrase there is no I in TEAM comes to mind.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 7
1 Approach to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) 8
I Welcome To The ICU 8
What Is an ICU? 8
Historical Development of the ICU 8
Economical Impact of the ICU 9
Organization of the ICU 9
II Team Work 9
III The Flowsheet 9
IV The Critically ILL Patient 10
V System-Oriented Rounds 10
Identification 12
Major Events over the Last 24 h 12
Systems Review 12
Neurologic 12
Cardiovascular 13
Respiratory 13
Renal/Metabolic 14
Gastrointestinal 14
Infectious Diseases 14
Hematology 15
Nutrition 15
Endocrine 15
Psychosocial 16
Other 16
VI Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) and Ethical Issues 16
2 The Basics of Critical Care 18
I Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation 18
II The Aveolar Air Equation 21
III Oxygen Transport 31
IV Mechanical Ventilation 34
V Hemodynamics 44
VI The Cardiopulmonary Interaction 49
VII Integrated Cardiopulmonary Management Principles 51
3 Cardiovascular Disorders 53
I Ischemic Heart Disease 53
4 Endocrinologic Disorders 91
I Adrenal Insufficiency 91
II DIABETES INSIPIDUS 93
III SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE SECRETION (SIADH) 96
IV DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS AND HYPEROSMOLAR NONKETOTIC COMA 98
V TIGHT GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN THE ICU 102
VI Myxedema 103
VII Thyrotoxic Cisis 107
VIII Sick Ethyroid Syndrome 110
IX Hypoglycemia 112
X Pheochromocytoma 115
5 Environmental Disorders 118
I Burns 118
II Decompression Illness and Air Embolism 120
III Near-Drowning 122
IV Electrical Injuries 124
V Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke 125
VI Hypothermia 127
VII Smoke Inhalation and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 130
VIII Scorpion Envenomation 132
IX Snakebite 133
X Spider Bite 136
XI Useful Facts and Formulas 138
6 Gastrointestinal Disorders 142
I Gastrointestinal Bleeding 142
II Acute Mesenteric Ischemia 145
III Fulminant Hepatic Failure and Encephalopathy 147
IV Pancreatitis 150
V USEFUL FACTS AND FORMULAS 153
7 Hematologic Disorders 154
I Anemia 154
II Leukopenia 156
III Thrombocytopenia 158
IV Anticoagulation and Fibrinolysis 160
V Blood and Blood Products Transfusion 164
VI Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 166
VII Hemolytic Syndromes 167
VIII Useful Facts and Formulas 171
8 Infectious Diseases 175
I Pneumonia (Nosocomial) 175
II Community-Acquired Pneumonia 177
III Severe Adult Respiratory Syndrome (Sars) 179
IV Sepsis 179
V Toxic Shock Syndrome 181
VI Meningitis 182
VII Infections in Patients with Aids 185
VIII Infections In The Immunocompromised Host 188
IX ANTIMICROBIALS (S ee T able 8.8 ) 189
X Infectious Diseases Pearls for ICU Care 189
XI Useful Facts and Formulas 193
9 Neurologic Disorders 195
I Brain Death 195
II Coma 197
III Intracranial Hypertension 199
IV Cerebrovascular Disease 201
V Status Epilepticus 204
VI Neuromuscular Disorders 205
VII Delirium in the ICU 207
VIII Useful Facts and Formulas 208
10 Nutrition 212
I Aims of Nutritional Support 212
II Timing of Nutritional Support 212
III Route of Nutritional Support 213
IV Gastrointestinal Function During Critical Illness 214
V Nutrient Requirements (Quantity) 215
VI Role of Specific Nutrients (Quality) 218
VII Monitoring Responses to Nutritional Support 219
VIII Nutrition for Specific Disease Processes 220
IX Nasoduodenal Feeding Tube Placement 220
X Recommendations for TPN Use 222
XI Approach to Enteral Feeding 222
XII Useful Facts and Formulas 225
11 Critical Care Oncology 231
I Central Nervous System 231
II Pulmonary 235
III Cardiovascular 238
IV Gastroenterology 241
V Renal/Metabolic 242
VI Hematology 246
VII Chemotherapy-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions 246
VIII Immune Compromise 247
IX Useful Facts and Formulas 248
12 Critical Care of the Pregnant Patient 251
I Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension 251
II Amniotic Fluid Embolism 265
III Useful Facts and Formulas 266
13 Pulmonary Disorders 268
I Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 268
II Asthma 272
III Pulmonary Embolism 274
IV Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 279
V Acute Respiratory Failure 281
VI Barotrauma 285
VII Massive Hemoptysis 286
VIII Upper Airway Obstruction 288
IX Useful Facts and Formulas 289
14 Renal and Fluid--Electrolyte Disorders 297
I AcidBase Disturbances 297
II Acute Renal Failure 304
III Electrolyte Abnormalities 308
IV Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy 320
V Dialysis 320
VI Rhabdomyolysis 322
VII Useful Facts and Formulas 323
15 Special Techniques 334
I Airway Management 334
II Cardioversion/Defibrillation 338
III Vascular Access 339
IV Arterial Line 343
V Pulmonary Artery Catheterization 345
VI Tube Thoracostomy 345
VII Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) 348
VIII Pericardiocentesis 348
IX Therapeutic Hypothermia (TH) 350
X Bronchoscopy 352
16 Toxicology 353
I GENERAL MANAGEMENT 353
II Acetaminophen 355
III ALCOHOL 357
IV Angiotensin-Converting Ezyme (ACE) Inhibitors 359
V BETA-BLOCKERS 360
VI COCAINE 360
VII Cyanide 361
VIII CYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS 362
IX Digoxin 363
X NARCOTICS 364
XI Phencyclidine 365
XII PHENYTOIN 366
XIII Salicylates 366
XIV SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS 368
XV Theophylline 369
XVI Useful Facts and Formulas 370
17 Trauma 373
I Multisystem Trauma 373
II Head Trauma 377
III Crush Injury 379
IV Chest Trauma 380
V Abdominal Trauma 381
VI Multiple Fractures 383
VII Spinal Cord Injury 385
VIII Useful Facts and Formulas 386
18 Allergic and Immunologic Emergencies 390
I Anaphylaxis 390
II Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (Erythema Multiforme) 392
III Angioneurotic Laryngeal Edema 394
19 Pharmacologic Agents Commonly Used in the ICU 395
20 Common Laboratory Values in the ICU 403
Index 409

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 20.3.2010
• Zusatzinfo: IX, 422 p.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Anästhesie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Intensivmedizin
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Notfallmedizin
• Schlagworte: critical care • hemodynamics • ICU • Infectious Diseases • Intensive Care Medicine • intensivist • mechanical ventilation • pregnant patient • Trauma
• ISBN-10: 0-387-92851-0 / 0387928510
• ISBN-13: 978-0-387-92851-7 / 9780387928517