Molecular Imaging (eBook)

Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT

Shankar Vallabhajosula (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2009 | 2009
XX, 372 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-76735-0 (ISBN)

Infos

Radioisotope-based molecular imaging probes provide unprecedented insight into biochemistry and function involved in both normal and disease states of living systems, with unbiased in vivo measurement of regional radiotracer activities offering very high specificity and sensitivity. No other molecular imaging technology including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can provide such high sensitivity and specificity at a tracer level. The applications of this technology can be very broad ranging from drug development, pharmacokinetics, clinical investigations, and finally to routine diagnostics in radiology. The design and the development of radiopharmaceuticals for molecular imaging studies using PET/MicroPET or SPECT/MicroSPECT are a unique challenge. This book is intended for a broad audience and written with the main purpose of educating the reader on various aspects including potential clinical utility, limitations of drug development, and regulatory compliance and approvals.

Inhalt

Foreword 6
Preface 8
Contents 10
About the Author 17
1 Molecular Imaging: Introduction 18
1.1 Nuclear Medicine 18
1.2 Molecular Medicine 18
1.3 Molecular Imaging 20
1.4 Summary 25
References 25
2 Science of Atomism: A Brief History 27
2.1 Atomism 27
2.2 Chemical Elements 27
2.3 Electricity and Magnetism 29
2.4 Thermodynamics 31
2.5 Major Discoveries 32
2.6 Reality of Atoms 35
2.6.1 Avogadro’s Number 2.7 Atomic Structure 35
2.8 The Elementary Particles 38
Additional Reading 39
3 Atoms and Radiation 40
3.1 Matter and Energy 40
3.2 Radiation 40
3.3 Classification of Matter 42
3.4 Atoms 43
3.5 Nuclear Structure 46
3.6 Atomic and Nuclear Emissions 47
Additional Reading 49
4 Radioactivity 50
4.1 The Discovery 50
4.2 Nuclear Disintegration 50
4.3 Radioactive Decay Equations 55
Additional Reading 58
5 Production of Radionuclides 59
5.1 Nuclear Transformation 59
5.2 Production of Radionuclides 62
5.3 Radionuclide Generators 70
References 71
6 PET and SPECT Scanners 73
6.1 Interaction of Radiation with Matter 73
6.2 Radiation Detectors 77
6.3 Radionuclide Imaging Systems 80
References 95
7 Chemistry: Basic Principles 97
7.1 Chemical Elements 97
7.2 Chemical Reactions 105
7.3 Organic Chemistry 109
7.4 Biochemistry 113
Additional Reading 121
8 Cell and Molecular Biology 122
8.1 Introduction 122
8.2 Cell Structure and Function 122
8.3 Cell Reproduction 126
8.4 Cell Transformation and Differentiation 128
8.5 Normal Growth 129
8.6 Cell-to-Cell Communication 130
8.7 Transport Through the Cell Membrane 131
8.8 Cellular Metabolism 136
8.9 DNA and Gene Expression 137
8.10 Disease and Pathophysiology 142
Additional Reading 145
9 Radiopharmaceuticals 146
9.1 Radiotracer Vs. Radiopharmaceutical 146
9.2 Radiolabeled Molecular Imaging Probe 147
References 161
10 Chemistry of Radiohalogens (F, Br. and I) 163
10.1 Halogens 163
10.2 Synthesis of 18F labeled Radiopharmaceuticals 163
10.3 Synthesis of Radioiodinated Radiopharmaceuticals 173
References 176
11 Chemistry of Organic Radionuclides (C, N, and O) 179
11.1 Advantages of Organic Radionuclides 179
11.2 11C Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals 179
11.3 13N Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals 186
11.4 15O labeled Radiotracers 187
References 188
12 Chemistry of Metal Radionuclides (Rb, Ga, In, Y, Cu and Tc) 190
12.1 Introduction 190
12.2 Chelation Chemistry of Radiometals 193
12.3 Chemistry of Gallium, Indium and Yttrium 195
12.4 Transition Metals 198
References 204
13 Quality Control of PET Radiopharmaceuticals 208
13.1 Quality Assurance 208
13.2 Quality Control 209
13.3 Quality Assurance 214
References 215
14 Pharmacokinetics and Modeling 216
14.1 Quantitation 216
14.2 Physiological Modeling 217
References 224
15 Molecular Imaging in Oncology 226
15.1 Cancer 226
15.2 Molecular Basis of Cancer 227
15.3 Tumor Imaging 230
References 260
16 Molecular Imaging in Neurology and Psychiatry 266
16.1 Neuroscience 266
16.2 Radiopharmaceuticals for Functional Brain Imaging 272
16.3 Applications in Clinical Neurology 286
16.4 Psychiatric Disorders 300
References 305
17 Molecular Imaging in Cardiology 310
17.1 The Clinical Problem 310
17.2 Pathophysiology 311
17.3 Radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Cardiology 314
References 331
18 Molecular Imaging of Gene Expression and Cell Traffficking 335
18.1 Gene Therapy 335
18.2 Gene Imaging 338
References 346
19 Radiation Dosimetry and Protection 349
19.1 Introduction 349
19.2 Dosimetry 350
19.3 Internal Dosimetry 353
19.4 Radiation Protection 357
References 358
20 Radiopharmaceuticals: Drug Development and Regulatory Issues 360
20.1 Drug Development 360
20.2 FDA and Clinical Research 362
20.3 FDA Approved PET Drugs 368
20.4 PET Drugs and USP 369
References 369
Index 371

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 13.7.2009
• Zusatzinfo: XX, 372 p. 221 illus., 139 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Neurologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Onkologie
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Radiologie / Bildgebende Verfahren ► Radiologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie
• Schlagworte: Diagnostics • Molecular Imaging • Neurology • Nuclear Medicine • Positron Emission Tomography • positron emission tomography (PET) • Psychiatry • radiopharmaceuticals • single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
• ISBN-10: 3-540-76735-5 / 3540767355
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-76735-0 / 9783540767350