Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention (eBook)

David Alberts, Lisa M. Hess (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2008 | 2nd ed. 2008
XX, 536 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-68986-7 (ISBN)

Infos

An authoritative work that provides a detailed review of the current status of cancer prevention and control practice and research. This volume is an essential reference guide and tool for primary care physicians, the research community and students.

Written as a collaborative work by the faculty of the nationally renowned Cancer Prevention and Control Program at the Arizona Cancer Center, this book brings together the expertise of specialists in the field of cancer prevention and control to provide the medical and research community that does not specialize in this field with insight to the disciplines of cancer prevention and control.

Inhalt

Contents 6
List of Contributors 16
Introduction to Cancer Prevention 20
1.1 Summary of Changes to Second Edition 22
1.2 Overview of Cancer Prevention 23
1.3 Multi- Step Carcinogenesis Pathway 26
1.4 Cancer Prevention Research 27
References 30
Assessing Human and Economic Benefits of Cancer Prevention 32
2.1 Outcomes Assessment 32
2.2 Humanistic Outcomes 33
2.3 Measuring Health- Related Quality of Life and Other Patient- Reported Outcomes 34
2.4 Economic Outcomes and Cancer 39
2.5 Defining and Measuring Economic Outcomes 40
2.6 Evaluative and Descriptive Analyses in Cancer Prevention 42
2.7 Conclusion 45
References 45
The Role of Diet, Physical Activity and Body Composition in Cancer Prevention 49
3.1 Introduction 49
3.2 Recommendations for Cancer Prevention: Body Weight, Diet, and Physical Activity 50
3.3 Diet and Cancer Prevention: Review of Evidence 51
3.4 Clearing the Muddied Waters: The Need for Improved Study Designs 54
3.5 Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention 56
3.6 Body Weight and Body Composition and Cancer Prevention 59
3.7 Lifestyle and Cancer Survivorship 61
3.8 Body Weight and Cancer Survival 62
3.9 Survivorship and Diet 63
3.10 Physical Activity and Cancer Survivorship 65
3.11 Optimizing Bone Health 67
3.12 Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Modified by Lifestyle Factors 71
3.13 Biological Mechanisms by Which Physical Activity May Reduce Cancer Risk 76
3.14 Advancing the Guidelines for Cancer Preventive Lifestyle 78
3.15 Tools for Research and Clinical Practice 80
3.16 Measuring Diet 80
3.17 Assessment of Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure 82
3.18 Measurement of Body Composition 84
3.19 Measurement of Bone Health 86
3.20 Conclusion 87
References 89
Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Cancer 97
4.1 Importance of the Immune System in Cancer Prevention 97
4.2 Innate Immune Responses to Cancer 99
4.3 Adaptive Immune Response 107
4.4 Immunotherapy for Cancer Prevention 119
References 120
Hereditary Risk for Cancer 127
5.1 Cancer as a Genetic Disorder 127
5.2 Epigenetic Mechanisms 130
5.3 Cancer as a Hereditary Disease 130
5.4 Common Hereditary Cancer Syndromes 132
5.5 Genetic Counseling 139
5.6 Genetic Testing 143
5.7 Cancer Screening, Surveillance and Prophylactic Management for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes 146
5.8 Conclusion 149
References 149
Human Categories and Health: The Power of the Concept of Ethnicity 154
6.1 Introduction 154
6.2 Background 155
6.3 Race and the Failure of Attempts to Define Ethnicity 156
6.4 The Interactive View of Human Development 159
6.5 The Interactive View of Development and Health 162
6.6 Identifying Ethnicity Using Proxy Measures 166
6.7 Ethnicity and Health 167
6.8 Applications to Disparity Research 169
6.9 Conclusion 171
References 172
Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Cancer Prevention 175
7.1 CAM and Cancer Prevention Research 176
7.2 Botanical Agents: Foods, Spices, and Herbs 177
7.3 The Mind– Body Connection 181
7.4 Indigenous Cultural Systems of Healing 187
7.5 Conclusions 194
References 196
Telemedicine in Cancer Prevention 206
8.1 What is Telemedicine? 206
8.2 Telemedicine in Cancer Care 207
8.3 Primary Cancer Prevention 208
8.4 Secondary Prevention 211
8.5 Educating the Community Health Worker 216
8.6 Future Directions 217
References 217
The Drug Development Process 220
9.1 Selecting New Molecular Entities for Development as Chemopreventive Agents 221
9.2 Regulatory Requirements and the US Food and Drug Administration 222
9.3 The Investigational New Drug Application 223
9.4 Phases of Clinical Research 225
9.5 Good Clinical Practice 226
9.6 The New Drug Application 227
9.7 Conclusion 227
References 228
Developing Topical Prodrugs for Skin Cancer Prevention 229
10.1 Strategies for Intervention 230
10.2 Strategy 1: Preventing DNA Damage 231
10.3 Strategy 2: Enhancing DNA Repair 235
10.4 Strategy 3: Preventing Photoimmune Suppression 236
10.5 Strategy 4: Enhancing the Epidermal Barrier 237
10.6 Innovative Agents for Skin Cancer Prevention are Needed 238
10.7 Topical Delivery: The Cornerstone of a Skin Damage Prevention Strategy 239
10.8 Developing a Niacin Prodrug as a Potential Skin Cancer Prevention Agent 242
10.9 Clinical Development of Tetradecyl Nicotinate ( Nia- 114) 245
10.10 Summary 247
References 248
Skin Cancer Prevention 252
11.1 Epidemiology of Skin Cancer 252
11.2 Risk Factors 254
11.3 Screening and Early Detection 258
11.4 Prevention of Skin Cancer 259
11.5 Conclusion 287
References 288
Colorectal Cancer Prevention 303
12.1 Epidemiology 304
12.2 Risk Factors 305
12.3 Screening and Early Detection 307
12.4 Chemoprevention 315
References 320
Lung Cancer Prevention 325
13.1 The Epidemiology of Lung Cancer 325
13.2 Etiology of Lung Carcinogenesis 329
13.3 CellProliferation and Lung Carcinogenesis 331
13.4 Apoptosis and Lung Carcinogenesis 332
13.5 Genetic Factors in Carcinogen Metabolism 332
13.6 DNA Hypermethylation and Lung Carcinogenesis 333
13.7 Risk Factors for Lung Cancer 334
13.8 Screening for Early Detection 339
13.9 Chemoprevention 342
13.10 Conclusion 348
References 349
Breast Cancer Prevention 358
14.1 Introduction 358
14.2 Etiology 359
14.3 Changing Patterns of Breast Cancer Incidence 359
14.4 Established Breast Cancer Risk Factors 362
14.5 Prior Breast Health History 370
14.6 Lifestyle Risk Factors 372
14.7 Risk Factors and Tumor Subtypes 372
14.8 Emerging Breast Cancer Risk Factors for Patient Management 373
14.9 Environmental Risk Factors 374
14.10 Screening and Early Detection 374
14.11 Breast Self Exam ( BSE) and Clinical Breast Exam ( CBE) 375
14.12 Mammography 375
14.13 Alternative Screening Modalities and Future Directions 376
14.14 Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer 377
14.15 Chemoprevention 378
14.16 Risk Assessment and Clinical Applications 383
14.17 Conclusion 386
References 387
Prostate Cancer Prevention 397
15.1 Prevention of Prostate Carcinogenesis 397
15.2 Epidemiology and Risk Factors 399
15.3 Risk Factors 400
15.4 Screening 403
15.5 Molecular Markers of Prostate Carcinogenesis 404
15.6 Prevention Strategies 411
15.7 Conclusion 420
References 423
Cervical Cancer Prevention 432
16.1 Incidence and Mortality of Cervical Cancer 432
16.2 Etiology of Cervical Cancer 433
16.3 Natural History of Cervical Cancer 434
16.4 Co- Factors for Cervical Cancer 436
16.5 Viral Persistence 437
16.6 Screening and Early Detection of Cervical Cancer 438
16.7 Therapeutic Approach to Precursor Lesions of Cervical Cancer 441
16.8 Novel Agents for Cervical Cancer Prevention 442
16.9 Conclusion 447
References 447
Ovarian Cancer Prevention 455
17.1 Epidemiology 455
17.2 Histopathology 457
17.3 Risk Factors for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer 458
17.4 Early Detection and Prevention of Ovarian Cancer 465
17.5 Chemoprevention of Ovarian Cancer 470
17.6 Quality of Life 471
17.7 Conclusion 475
References 475
Endometrial Cancer Prevention 482
18.1 Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer 482
18.2 Types of Endometrial Cancer 483
18.3 Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer 485
18.4 Genetic Factors in Endometrial Cancer 490
18.5 Screening and Early Detection of Endometrial Cancer 493
18.6 Conclusion 495
References 495
Cancer Survivorship 502
19.1 Prevalence 503
19.2 Survivorship as a Scientific Discipline 505
19.3 Prevention 505
19.4 Smoking Cessation 506
19.5 Acute Effects of Treatment 507
19.6 Long-Term and Late Effects of Cancer Treatment 510
19.7 Generalizations 512
19.8 Physiologic Sequelae of Cancer and Its Treatment 514
19.9 Advanced Illness 521
19.10 Future Directions 522
References 527
Index 536

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 24.9.2008
• Zusatzinfo: XX, 536 p. 40 illus.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Onkologie
• Schlagworte: Cancer • cancer chemoprevention • cancer prevention • chemoprevention • prevention • Prevention and Control • Primary Care • Research
• ISBN-10: 3-540-68986-9 / 3540689869
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-68986-7 / 9783540689867